научная статья по теме ГЕНЕЗИС ИНСТИТУТА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ПРАВ НА НЕДВИЖИМОЕ ИМУЩЕСТВО И СДЕЛОК С НИМ Общественные науки в целом

Текст научной статьи на тему «ГЕНЕЗИС ИНСТИТУТА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ПРАВ НА НЕДВИЖИМОЕ ИМУЩЕСТВО И СДЕЛОК С НИМ»

Юридические науки Гражданское право; предпринимательское право; семейное право; международное частное право

Киптева О.В., аспирант Российского государственного гуманитарного университета, зам. генерального директора ООО «А.С.Д.-Консалтинг»

ГЕНЕЗИС ИНСТИТУТА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ПРАВ НА НЕДВИЖИМОЕ ИМУЩЕСТВО И СДЕЛОК С НИМ

Рассматриваются современные для правовой науки вопросы создания и развития в Российской Федерации системы государственной регистрации прав на недвижимое имущество и сделок с ним как проводника одной из основных государственных функций в сфере оборота недвижимости.

Ключевые слова: Государственное регулирование, гражданские правоотношения, социальная функция государства, система государственной регистрации, недвижимое имущество, собственность.

GENESIS OF STATE REGISTRATION OF REAL ESTATE TITLE

AND TRANSACTIONS

Modern legal science matters of creation and development of the system of state registration of rights for immovable property and transactions therewith of the Russian Federation, as a carrier of one of the fundamental state functions in the sphere of immovable property turnover, are considered.

Keywords: Government control, civil-law relations, social function of the state, system of state registration, immovable property, ownership.

The results of inconsistent and hasty «modernization» of the legal system during the large-scale modification in the matrix of political and socio - economic development of post-Soviet Russia, suggested possible approach to the bifurcation point - the critical state of the system in which it becomes unstable and uncertainty arises: will the system state be chaotic or will it move to a new level of ordering.

Studying the published works of famous jurists-scientists and practitioners who have studied the state of the legal system in the 90-ies of XX century, one can note that regardless of the question under consideration and selected philosophical position, all authors are unanimous in their opinion that national legal system, called by its definition to ensure public order, then was in disintegrated, agonizing state which by its direct and indirect effects has led to unsystematic legal space in general and substantial violations of the rights and freedoms of its citizens.

During subsequent implementation of the dedicated measures within the frameworks of the legal reform, which contemporaries we can consider ourselves, its situation has somewhat improved. However, many negative processes have not been fully resolved yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need to streamline the transformation of the legal system, optimize the state's legal policy, including the field of legal science considered in these papers - the system of state registration of real estate title and transactions.

It will be fair and quite reasonable to begin the studies of the selected question from the original provisions stipulated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legal rod of legal system, the main achievement of the post-Soviet era, which has become, in the opinion of V.D. Zorkin «systemic legal expression of basic legal values that define legal vector of new historically successive Russia» [1].

In order to study our topic, it seems important that in this historical period, along with the transformations, being formational from the law's point of view, of fundamental values, private property right was declared and stipulated in the Constitution as the result of inversion of the entire ownership institution. So, cl. 2 art. 8 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation stipulates that the Russian Federation equally recognizes and protects private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership, and cl. 2 art. 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation stipulates that land and other natural resources may be in private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership. At the same time, the institute of ownership, effecting directly the formation of new Russian statehood in the late XX - early XXI century, served as the foundation of market relations and was one of the priorities in the implementation of economic and social functions of the state .

Note that hardly someone doubts that the «attitude of the state towards the right of a person on his property, i.e. private property, is the key to understanding of socio-economic essence of power, entire complex of constitutional and other rights» [2]. Property right is the basis of the entire civil and private law, it is a fundamental and inalienable human right. And in accordance with the principle of the inviolability of property, civil rights provisions provide the owners with the possibility of stable execution of their powers to possess, use and dispose of their property. Thus, in accordance with cl. 1 art. 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the right to private property is protected by law. Many agree that in these terms, the legislator means civil, administrative, criminal, judicial and other protection measures. At the same time, considering entire norms of cl. 2 art. 8, cl. 1 art. 35 and cl. 1 art. 45 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, we come to the conclusion that the protection of private property rights is a phenomenon of a higher order than its recognition and protection, but supposing the existence of the institutions of the state and civil society aimed on prevention of the property right protection of a particular person. According to some authors, and let's assume, the legislator's logic, we can consider a system of state registration of real estate titles and transactions as such an institution, rule-making beginning of formation of which is associated with the adoption of the Federal Law dd. 21.07.1997 N 122 -FZ «On state registration of real estate titles and transactions» (hereinafter referred to as «Law on state registration»). However, does the newly established system of state registration perform law enforcing, preventive and protective function assigned to it, does it display and justify this kind of expectations? Let's try to further formulate our own opinion on this subject matter, basing our position on the following theses and arguments.

It is not unknown that for unreasonably long period of time after the adoption of the Constitution, developed legislative base for the implementation of the rights stipulated therein, including the right to property, lacked completely, was created erratically and inconsistently, was modified repeatedly and unreasonably during subsequent years, and has not been perfect. Herein, the adoption of the new Civil Code, being reputedly economic constitution of the country, has largely simplified the task of the legal consciousness of overall strategy of the state and the combinations of tactical decisions regarding the definition of legal framework of the country's economic development.

Even just the very subject of civil law has undergone fundamental changes which inevitably led to a significant transformation of civil law, including its general provisions. Furthermore, inconsistent hierarchical system of legal acts established in a hasty manner for the development of new civil code, though partly codified the legislation, but has not brought clarity to the regulatory mechanisms of many segments of society's life, including the sphere of relations of the realization of real estate titles. Therewith, in attempt to keep up with the needs of legal regulation of real estate circulation, which is a dominant of functioning of any economic system, the legislator has not always managed to keep balance between «power» and «society» (some authors in their arguments use the terms «common purpose» or even «freedom» as the antithesis to the term «power» in this context ).

In this case, other vector of legal development novelled the sphere of real estate circulation by the formation of the institution of state registration real estate titles and transactions. Hereinafter, the term «institution» is used for convenience, and for our deep conviction, has nothing to do with often

used definition of legal institution given in the dictionaries and legal literature as «totality of law norms detached within a particular law field governing a group of related public relations». The institute of state registration is based «on a combination of mainly administrative legal and information regulation» [3], and has no bases and elementary preconditions for isolation in separate institution within legal science.

What is the state registration of real estate titles and transactions: emerging field of Russian law, complex legal institution, mixed institution, institute of administrative or civil law or procedural shell of just one of many state functions conferred by the society - it is debatable subject worthy of separate study. However, the impression is that the civil lawyers - scientists are still more cautious than the lawyers-officials. And the explanation of this can be found in the consideration of the relations governed by this institution.

Obviously, one should agree with the opinion, according to which social relations governed by the law on state registration of real estate titles and transactions are two-level. Their first level consists of civil relations. They are private and are governed by the substantive law. The second level of social relations is governed by the legislation on state registration forming the relationship between the state registration authority and the applicant. Therewith, there is every reason to recommend a legislator to develop the institution of state registration under administrative law that will allow unifying the procedure of state registration of real estate titles and transactions with the registration procedures in other fields of activity.

For justice' sake, it should be recognized that given the entire wealth of legal knowledge and understandings in the field studied in this paper, as well as usi

Для дальнейшего прочтения статьи необходимо приобрести полный текст. Статьи высылаются в формате PDF на указанную при оплате почту. Время доставки составляет менее 10 минут. Стоимость одной статьи — 150 рублей.

Показать целиком