научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Этнографическое обозрение ISSN: 0869-5415

РЕШЕТОВ А.М. — 2004 г.

СЕЛЕЗНЕВ АЛЕКСАНДР ГЕННАДЬЕВИЧ — 2004 г.

ИВАНОВА ЕЛЕНА ВЛАДИМИРОВНА, СИНИЦЫН АЛЕКСАНДР ЮРЬЕВИЧ — 2004 г.

СЛОБОДИН СЕРГЕЙ БОРИСОВИЧ — 2004 г.

The author scrutinizes the recent Russian translation of the second volume of V.I. Jochelson’s classic work The Koryak, which appeared in 1908 and remained for long one of the most comprehensive studies of material culture, religion, and myths of the Koryak of Okhotskoe Seashore. Jochelson’s research was carried out in 1900-1901 under the auspices of the famous American Museum of Natural History program organized by Franz Boas and sponsored by Morris Jesup. The author draws attention to the fact that the Russian translation of the second volume, which has been prepared by the Kunstkamera museum in St. Petersburg and published in 1997, is marked by a number of serious inconsistencies. Suggestions concerning the improvement and refinement of the translation are put forward.

ХУДЯКОВ ЮЛИЙ СЕРГЕЕВИЧ — 2004 г.

Arrows’ symbolism by ancient and medieval Central Asian nomadic cultures is the object of the author’s analysis. The wide range of contemporary views on bronze, bone, iron, and silver arrow tips of the Bronze Age, Scythian and Hun periods, as well as of the early and late Middle Ages are taken into consideration. Arrow tips were often marked with symbols inlaid in gold or silver. Similar arrow symbols were bearing different signs functions, depending on the addressee (a friend or an enemy). Arrows could function as symbols of land lord or ambassadorial authorities, or as a threat, and were used in protective magic ceremonies.

РЕШЕТОВ АЛЕКСАНДР МИХАЙЛОВИЧ — 2004 г.

БАКАЕВА ЭЛЬЗА ПЕТРОВНА — 2004 г.

The article discusses recent changes in religious practices and institutions in Kalmykia, where Russians and Kalmyks currently make up about 80 percent of the population. Commenting on the religious situation as tolerant on the whole, the author attempts to investigate the specific transformations that Buddhism in the region has undergone in the second half of the last century. She explores links between the types of Buddhism in Kalmykia and Tibet, and analyzes the role of the forced break with Buddhist traditions in Kalmykia in the 1940-50s. Special attention is paid to the emergence of the institute of the “initiated”, which has parallels in shamanism and has incorporated into everyday practices in Kalmykia.

ГРОМОВ ДМИТРИЙ ВЯЧЕСЛАВОВИЧ — 2004 г.

The essay analyzes the beliefs of East Slavs, recorded in various times from the 11 th century to the present, in which historical events are viewed as signs of the coming end of the world. It focuses specifically on the theme of eschatological invasion, i.e. theme of intrusion of an aggressive force, which brings about the ultimate cataclysm. The author attempts to trace the process by which historical realities are transferred into this mythical theme. He argues that although most beliefs of the kind can be routinely traced back to the biblical tradition, they may be also considered as an extension of a more archaic tradition.

СОКОЛОВА З.П., ФРОЛОВ БОРИС АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ — 2004 г.

ЗАГОРУЛЬКО АНДРЕЙ ВЛАДИСЛАВОВИЧ — 2004 г.

The author demonstrates that the specific character of economy and material culture of Korean settlers in the Russian Far East formed as a result of the impact of manifold factors, such as cultural habits and stereotypes of the settlers; natural, ecological and social environment of the Far East region; policies of the Russian administration; and problems of cultural contact and adaptation. The article presents a detailed description of material culture that characterized Korean communities of the period.

БУЛАТОВ АБДУЛГАМИД ОМАРОВИЧ — 2004 г.

The article examines shamanistic motives and elements in the cult of saints of the peoples of Dagestan. The subject of inquiry is the images of saints, who were related to the demotic forms of Sufism, and were spread in XVIII— XIX th centuries as well as in the first half of the XX th century. The author uncovers the traces of shamanism in such motives of the local cult of saints (as well as in the supernatural powers of its characters) as flying over long distances in short time both mentally and physically (in the latter case the flight could be accompanied with the bodily transformation, such as the conversion into a bird); sending off the soul of the deceased to the other world; controlling the fire and water elements, disappearing in the locked rooms; healing diseases etc. Such miraculous qualities of the saints of Dagestan have equivalents in religious and mystical practices of many peoples of the world. The roots of this uniformity could be found, in author’s opinion, in archaic magical shamanistic practices, which serve as a universal fundamental principle of the later forms of mysticism. Such traits of shamanism are still present in the cult of saints in Dagestan, though they are absent in other areas and forms of religious views of the peoples of Dagestan.

АРТЕМОВА ОЛЬГА ЮРЬЕВНА — 2004 г.

The author demonstrates that hunter-gatherer studies in Russia emerged within a library-based tradition that focused on foreign literature. This tradition was aimed at building a general theory of human prehistory and social evolution. O.Yu. Artemova emphasizes the crucial role played by ethnographic information on the Australian aboriginals in the formation of Russian and Soviet ethnological thought as a whole and the development of the so called theory of primeval society in particular. Special attention is paid to the evolutionism and the antievolutionism as the main streams in the development of Russian and Soviet ethnological theory. The works of A.N. Maximov, A.M. Zolotarev and S.A. Tokarev are thoroughly analyzed and the theoretical controversies of the 1960-1970s as well as their resonances in contemporary publications are specially discussed. The views of V.M. Bahta, A.N. Butinov, V.R. Kabo and Yu.I. Semenov are analyzed

ПЕТРОВА ЕЛЕНА ДМИТРИЕВНА — 2004 г.

Chinese vernacular architecture is represented by a great diversity of traditional dwelling types. The essay is concerned with one of the most unique types: earth-sheltered housing or, as it is called in China, “cave dwellings”. This type of dwellings is commonly found in the loessial uplands of the North China, principally in the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Ninxia Hui autonomous region. Considering three general kinds of cave dwellings -cliffside caves, sunken courtyard caves, and aboveground dwellings modeled after earth-sheltered housing - the author analyzes the design and construction features of each.

АНДРЕЕВА ТАТЬЯНА БОРИСОВНА — 2004 г.

Home-made beer played an important part in many events in the peasant’s life, both happy, such as birthday and christening celebrations, birth of a child and house-warming parties, and sad, such as a recruit seeing-off or a funeral repast. In the first case it contributed to joint merriment by a loving-cup, and in the second it united close kin (both dead and alive) during their last meal. For such populous events as a recruit seeing-off, a wedding, or a funeral repast beer was mostly brewed at a brewery, and for less crowded occasions it was prepared at home, in a earthenware pot in an oven. Beer had a special meaning in wedding rituals. Large quantity of well brewed beer, specially prepared for a wedding, was the object of fiance’s pride, and a sign of his wealth. Regular and mutual treating to beer between groom’s and bride’s relatives greatly contributed to securing the marriage agreement, to better personal connections among relatives from both sides, and to getting over the estrangement between a groom and a bride, to stability of their relationship.

МАРТЫНОВА МАРИНА ЮРЬЕВНА — 2004 г.

The contemporary educational approaches towards multiculturalism in Russia, the interaction of ethnicity and educational system are the objects of the author’s analysis. Goals and tasks of educational technologies in the sphere of ethno-cultural values maintenance and reproduction, their respective roles and opportunities in harmonization of interethnic relations are assessed. The problems of the school instruction of ethnological knowledge are also dealt with. The author underlines that every educational system should be based on basic human values and bring up a person oriented for a dialogue.

АЛЕКСАНДРЕНКОВ ЭДУАРД ГРИГОРЬЕВИЧ — 2004 г.

In a reply to the commenters, the author clarifies his position and further explicates his view why reflecting on what constitutes a “theory” is beneficial to the discipline. He briefly touches on the development of his own scholarly interests and explains what made him ponder over the subject.

ГОМБОЕВ БАИР ЦЫРЕМПИЛОВИЧ — 2004 г.

The Baikal Region is of considerable interest for the study of ethnically mixed groups and their religious practices. Barguzinskaia Valley, in particular, is one of the localities featuring a mosaic of ethnic groups (Russians, Buryats, Evenkis, Tatars, Barguzinian Jews, etc.) and religions (Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Shamanism, Islam, Judaism, etc.). The author, who studied local cult practices in a number of villages of the Valley during his summer field trip in 2002, found the evidence that some of the Buryat Buddhist and Shamanist cult sites became objects of worship among the Russians living in the villages. This evidence, the author argues, suggests not a presence of dual religious preferences, but rather a tolerant attitude of the Russians toward local cult practices.

ПУШКАРЕВА НАТАЛИЯ ЛЬВОВНА — 2004 г.

The focus of the essay is everyday life history (Alltagsgeschichte; histoire de la vie quotidienne), a new area of historical scholarship which is concerned with the study of the realm of mundane human life in diverse contexts (historical, cultural, political, ethnic, religious, and others). The author points out that there have been few attempts to define the scope of everyday life history in Russian scholarship, and mostly the area has been equated either with microhistory or with studies of traditional way of life. The aim of the essay is to analyze these notions in more detail, trace the development of the new area of study, define its scope and examine the methods its practitioners employ.

КУПРИЯНОВ ПАВЕЛ СЕРГЕЕВИЧ — 2004 г.

The foreign travel accounts are examined by the author in the context of ethnic self-perception of the educated stratum of early 19th-century Russian society. The sources used in the study include diaries, notes, memoirs, and letters of Russian students, diplomats, army officers, and seafarers who traveled abroad in the beginning of the 19th-century. The analysis of travelers' ethnic views, the author argues, makes it possible to speak of the existence of two everyday ethnos models: “geographic” and “ethnic”.

СОКОЛОВА ЗОЯ ПЕТРОВНА — 2004 г.