научный журнал по геологии Геоморфология ISSN: 0435-4281

БЕЛЯЕВ В.Р., БОНДАРЕВ В.П., ИВАНОВА Н.Н., ЭВРАР О. — 2014 г.

A complex approach for estimation of sediment delivery ratios is proposed. The method includes morphometric analysis of drainage basins, mathematical modelling and application of radioactive tracer. The approach effectiveness is demonstrated by analysis of drainage basin slopes of the Lokna River (Central Part of the European Russia). Morphometric data are collected, LS-factor for cultivated hillslopes is calculated and the value of potential sediment delivery from hillslopes to river valley under conditions of no-crop fallow and typical crop rotation is estimated. Morphometric mapping of the drainage basin slopes allowed determining areas with high and very high erosion potential. Application of radioactive tracer made it possible to validate the model output and formulate some ways to improve the approach.

САНИН А.Ю. — 2014 г.

A series of longitudinal profiles of coastal slope of Southern and Western Crimea have been compiled and analyzed. It revealed the ancient coastlines. Their age have been determined by the regional curves of sea level change. Ancient coastlines helped us to calculate rates of abrasion during last 18 thousand years as well as during all upper and middle Pleistocene. They have been compared with the present real and potential rates of abrasion. In most cases current rates are smaller, however there are some exceptions. The comparison of underwater coastal slope profiles and the rates of abrasion in the Western and Southern Crimea has been made. The rates at the Southern Coast are several times smaller than at the Western Coast.

ЕРМОЛАЕВ О.П., МАЛЬЦЕВ К.А. — 2014 г.

The authors suggest the method for digital elevation models (DEMs) compiling aimed to plotting the boundaries of the drainage catchments for the lowland relief (West Siberia as an example). The proposed method allows to take into account the local contemporary depressions - traps of the suspended sediment yield and surface runoff. In the result the higher precision of the basins boundaries pattern is obtained. In this method additional information from the topographic maps is used. The DEM compiled with the use of the suggested method helps to significantly increase the accuracy of the West Siberian catchments’ automatic plotting.

2014

ЛАРИОНОВ Г.А. — 2014 г.

НИКОЛЬСКАЯ И.И., ПРОХОРОВА С.Д. — 2014 г.

Gullies with the length more then 70 m were included for the first time on the map of the "Erosion network structure of the European Russia" besides of rivers and dry valleys. Total density of erosion network (km/km 2) within the 1 st Hortonian Order river basins has been determined as well as percentage of each level of the fluvial network (gullies, dry valleys, and small rivers) in total value of the drainage density. These percentages were also evaluated within the geomorphological regions of the European Russia, which allows distinguishing the dominant types of erosion network for any such region. Analysis of the map has shown that total density of erosion network varies from 0.2 to 3.5 km/km 2 within the European Russia.

БРОНГУЛЕЕВ В. ВАД. — 2014 г.

With the use of kinematic model based on the differential equation of parabolic type the development of some landforms with heterogeneous substratum was demonstrated. The likeness of the modelled and natural landforms confirms the reliability of the supposition about slope degradation used in the model. The morphology of lithogenic forms at every time step depends on the relation of strengths of the different rocks in the substratum and the initial morphology of the layers. The influence of the layers with different strength spreads up and down slope. The hard rock layer blocks the degrading of the lower part of the slope thus increasing its steepness. Degrading of the heterogeneous slope changes its configuration, which doesn't stay similar to itself as it would happen at the condition of homogeneous substratum. The results prove that many characteristic lithogenic features of landforms rise due to parallel slope degradation. That is why such features are most prominent in the arid regions, where the processes of viscose flow on the slopes are negligible.

ПЕТРОВА И.Ф. — 2014 г.

The author suggests a new type of ecogeomorphological maps classification system: the facet one. This system helps to systemize already published maps and to project new maps. Three levels of classification are described. At the first level 8 main criteria are proposed: subject, level of mapping, relevance of information, principles and the basis for the localization of the thematic content, approaches, the level of synthesis of parameters, the range of consumers and the location.

БРОНГУЛЕЕВ В.ВАД., КАРАВАЕВ В.А., МАККАВЕЕВ А.Н. — 2014 г.

The lake Krasnoye lays on the 3d terrace of the Moscow River in the periglacial region of the Moscow and Valdai glaciations. It has rounded conical shape 300 m in diameter and 9 m in depth, and is surrounded by a gentle rim 2-6 m in height and 100-150 m in width. Deposits of the rim (sand and sandy-loam) have lumpy, practically non layered structure which is similar to gravitational deposits of the slope foot. Authors suggest that these deposits might be formed at the foot of the large ancient pingo existed here in the periglacial conditions, from the slopes of which unconsolidated sediments crept and were washed down. The impact origin of this rimmed depression should by rejected because of the complete absence of the deep rocks ejecta.

МАХИНОВ А.Н., СНЫТКО В.А., ЩИПЕК Т. — 2014 г.

2014

КОЗЫРЕВА Е.А., МАЗАЕВА О.А., ХАК В.А. — 2014 г.

The dynamics of coastal processes was evaluated by the comparison of digital relief models obtained from repeat large-scale topographic survey and the kinematic GPS survey. By monitoring of the reservoir shore zone, the rates of coastal processes were assessed in relation to the level regime and the dynamics of abrasion. In major local geosystems, the process of abrasion is the dominant factor that determines the other process dynamics. It was shown that the landslide activation occurs at high water levels, the erosion and eolian processes occurs at low water levels, and the sharp lowering of water level induces the reactivation of karst. The intensive development of abrasion entails the shore edge retreat, increase of the shore height and steepness, and hanging of most gully mouths. Formation of new longitudinal equilibrium profile of gullies, activation of vertical and regressive erosion followed by the extreme growth of sediment runoff take place.

ТАНАНАЕВ Н.И. — 2014 г.

Major features of bank erosion within the middle course of the Lena River are related to the hydrological conditions of flowing water contact with different floodplain levels, and variations in floodplain lithology. Formative discharges of the spring freshet correspond to the frozen sandy strata of the high floodplain banks, thus promoting thermal erosion of the latter. Effectiveness of the thermal erosion increases with the increase in bank height and is highest for high floodplain and terrace levels. Morphology of the banks depends not on the rate of their washing out, but on the influx of the sediments at their base. Volume of eroded bank material exceeds the annual bedload runoff due to the large extent of the eroded bank within the studied Lena River reach.

ЛИХАЧЕВА Э.А. — 2014 г.

Морфоскульптурная характеристика рельефа, пожалуй, наиболее древний подход при описании той или иной местности. Как одному человеку дать понять другому, как выглядит чужая страна? Проще всего сравнить с тем, что видит вокруг себя, например, со строениями, произведения искусства и т.д. Наука о рельефе заимствовала довольно много терминов из словаря архитектора (начиная со слова “рельеф” и кончая - “скульптура”). Но здесь речь пойдет не о заимствовании (или сходстве) терминов (хотя образное восприятие рельефа до сих пор главенствует), а о зарождении и развитии идей формирования морфоскульптуры местности, идей об эволюции рельефа и, наконец, о подходах к систематизации морфоскульптуры на основе законов архитектуры - объемно-пространственной структуры, органической взаимосвязи элементов, единства конструктивной формы.

ЗЫКОВ Д.С. — 2014 г.

Проблема морфоструктурного выражения новейших тектонических движений, имеющих не только вертикальную, но и горизонтальную компоненту деформации, в последнее время все больше привлекает внимание ученых. Это обусловлено развитием идей о существовании значительной внутриплатформенной подвижности в фундаменте Восточно-Европейской платформы (ВЕП), в т.ч., и в новейшее время [1-4 и др.], описанием механизмов ее проявлений в кристаллических породах [1] и обоснованием причин появления деформаций, которые связывают с тектоническим воздействием со стороны окружающих платформу более активных областей [3]. Проявления в рельефе новейших деформаций с горизонтальной компонентой в тектонически активных районах хорошо изучены [5, 6 и др.]. Для консолидированной коры фундамента Восточно-Европейской и Западно-Арктической платформ подобные специальные исследования появляются только в последнее время [2, 3, 7 и др.], ранее же сведения на эту тему встречались в основном эпизодически, на примерах локальных морфоструктур сдвигового, надвигового и других типов [8-10 и др.].

ЕГОРОВ И.В. — 2014 г.

The Middle Atlantic Ridge is one of the most complex geomorphic objects of the Ocean. The Russian part of the Ridge lies within the 12.5°-21° N interval. In the 2012 it was occupied for 15 years for the subaquatic polymetallic sulphides prospecting. The principally new stage of the deep water works is beginning. The large-scale investigations are needed for the ore deposits exploration. The main objectives of this stage are the different scale mapping of the rift zones, structural-genetic and age aspects of the sea-bottom forms, their evolution, and relation to geologic structure. Engineer-geomorphologic and ecogeomorphologic investigations of the hydro-thermal deposits are also needed.

КАРАВАЕВ В.А. — 2014 г.

ЕВЗЕРОВ В.Я. — 2014 г.

Поздний плейстоцен, включающий последнюю межледниковую и ледниковую эпохи и голоцен, является наиболее изученным подразделением четвертичного периода. Усилиями многих исследователей разработаны детальные стратиграфические схемы отложений указанного временного отрезка геологической истории, реконструированы палеогеографические обстановки каждого из выделенных стратиграфических подразделений, подробно охарактеризованы отложения различных генетических типов, восстановлено положение уровня Мирового океана. Однако некоторые принципиально важные вопросы далеки от окончательного разрешения. Так, существенно различаются между собой схемы распространения ледниковых покровов, составленные различными исследователями. Причем эти схемы наименее представительны для территории России. Не увязаны между собой оледенения и морские гляциоэвстатические трансгрессии, являющиеся, как мы покажем далее, следствием развития оледенений. Цель данного сообщения на основе анализа накопленного к настоящему времени геологического, геофизического и палеогеографического материала показать взаимодействие оледенений и трансгрессий, и использовать характер этого взаимодействия для уточнения существующих палеогеографических схем.

БАБАКОВ А.Н., ОСТРОВСКИЙ Р., ПРУШАК З., ЧУБАРЕНКО Б.В. — 2014 г.

The review of field investigations and simulation results led to the conclusion that efficiency of groins use depends on two main factors: amount of free sediments on the bottom slope and angle of wave approach to the shore. The positive effect of groins use can be achieved when angle of approach is acute and sufficient amount of free material is available. Groins are not effective without additional supply of loose sediments if waves have nearly normal approach to shore and there is a deficit of free sediments. An increase of effectiveness of groins could be obtained by varying of their length, spatial step, and orientation. A reduction of downstream erosion is achieved by shortening the groins and adjustment of their complex to the shoreline contour, beach nourishment at the downstream areas, and using of permeable (30-50%) groins.

ИЛЬИН А.В. — 2014 г.

The relief оf the rift zone of the South Atlantic Mid-Ocean ridge is presented by tectonic and magmatic morphostructures, the good example of which one can see in the segment between Ascention and Bode-Werde transform faults. Tectonic morphostructures with the clear cut rift valley are typical for the edge parts, which are joined to transform faults. Magmatic morphostructures are characteristic for the middle of the segment. This division of the morphostructure along the segment's axial zone conforms to some theoretical magmatic camera models. Therefore geomorphological data can be important criterion for the solution of the inversed problems in geodynamics of oceanic crust.