научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Российская археология ISSN: 0869-6063

ТИМУШЕВА И.М. — 2015 г.

Характер топографии и планиграфии древних поселков, традиции в сооружении жилищ отражают механизм адаптации древнего человека к окружающей среде. Благодаря полевым изысканиям В.Е. Луз-гина, B.C. Стоколоса, Л.Л. Косинской, В.А. Семенова накоплен значительный объем источников по постройкам и организации жилого пространства на поселениях энеолита Европейского Северо-Востока. Однако специальные исследования по региону в этом направлении не проводились. Статья посвящена решению следующих основных задач: выявление традиций выбора мест для поселений; определение планиграфии жилищ и других конструктивных элементов на энеолитических поселениях Вычегодского, Ижемского и Печорского бассейнов; обобщение и систематизация сведений обо всех имеющихся жилищных комплексах ЕСВ во Ш-П тыс. до н.э.; выявление характерных особенностей чужъяельских и чойновтинских жилищ, их отличий от построек эпохи неолита и бронзы.

ЗАЙЦЕВ И.В., ЧХАИДЗЕ В.Н. — 2015 г.

В работе представлен мраморный надгробный памятник, хранящийся в Таманском археологическом музее. Эпитафия на стеле сообщает, что погребенный - Батыр-Гирей-оглу - стал шахидом и погиб от рук неверных. Датировка надгробия - не ранее начала XIX в. В работе высказывается предположение, что Батыр-Гирей-оглу являлся членом одного из княжеских кабардинских родов.

РОДИНКОВА В.Е. — 2015 г.

ЛИХТЕР Ю.А., СТОЛЯРОВА Е.К. — 2014 г.

БЕЛЯЕВ Л.А. — 2014 г.

КОВАЛЕВСКАЯ В.Б., ПОГРЕБОВА М.Н. — 2014 г.

КАРПУХИН А.А., МАЦКОВСКИЙ В.В. — 2014 г.

The article presents the tree-ring chronology of the Sheksna and Sukhona river basins for the period from 1085 to 2009. It was based on the wood of living trees, architectural monuments and timbers from excavation at Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. There are sets of yearly growth of 109 samples in its structure. This is the first continuous and absolutely dated chronology of such duration on the European part of Russia which is tied to the modern age.

ЖУРБИН И.В., ИВАНОВА М.Г. — 2014 г.

The article considers the results of interdisciplinary researches of some fortified settlements in the river Cheptsa basin. Complex archaeological and geophysical researches were carried out on different sites which vary a priori in the power of a culture layer, objects of exploration and the features of layout, which are: the Kushman mound Uchkakar (a large region centre), the Vesyakar mound (agricultural and handicraft centre) and the Zabolotnovskoye mound Sadeykar (the site of the transition of the Polom and Cheptsa cultures). Main results for the Uchkakar are identifying a new structural part of the site and the features of the layout of the inner, middle and outer parts of the settlement. The drawing a composite archaeological-geophysical map on the Vesyakar has allowed estimating the tendency of changing power of the cultural layer and the layout of the site. It has also allowed identifying the border between "manufacturing" and "residential" parts. In the process of the site Sadeykar studying the borders of the settlement, which could not have been seen in the terrain, have been identified. Its regular layout has also been identified. These results make a considerable change in the strong idea of the fortified settlements of the Polom archaeological culture.

ЩАВЕЛЕВ А.С. — 2014 г.

Книга А.С. Преображенского о портретах древнерусских заказчиков различных сакральных строений и предметов прошла долгий путь от первоначального замысла - диплома, защищенного на кафедре истории отечественного искусства исторического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, до итоговой фундаментальной монографии. Стоит отдать дань уважения научному наставнику А.С. Преображенского Э.С. Смирновой, которая угадала тему, соразмерную талантам и широте интересов ее ученика.

ИВАНОВА С.В. — 2014 г.

The article considers the sites of Balkan-Carpathian variant of Pit-Grave (Yamnaya) culture-historical area. It is suggested that its formation is connected to the expansion of the tribes of the Budjak culture of the NorthWest Black Sea region. The chronology, main characters of the communication with autochthonous inhabitants, the character of the contacts and the causes of migration are also specified in the article.

ПЕТРОВ Д.А., ЯКОВЛЕВ Д.Е. — 2014 г.

The article presents the results of an external examination of the three limestone blocks with bas-reliefs, installed on the Borovitskaya gatetower of the Moscow Kremlin. Images carved on blocks are of: 1) rider with raised sword in his hand on a galloping horse; 2) vertical shapes of a lion with a sword in his paw and serpent (wyvern), both under two closed (imperial) crowns and two-headed eagles with the three - teeth crowns. As a result, the inspection found that the stone blocks set in the original masonry of 1490.

ЗАВЬЯЛОВ В.И., ТЕРЕХОВА Н.Н. — 2014 г.

СЕРИКОВ Ю.Б. — 2014 г.

The site Borovka III is situated at 1,5 km from the village Baranchinskiy Kuvshinskii district Sverdlovsk oblast. During the period of the researches (1976-1978) the area of 146 square meters was broken down. The excavators detected three centers between which there was a workplace for producing knives from the plates of grey quartzrock. More than 20 thousand scutes, 2 thousand rejected plates, 130 knives and its pieces and also 15 processing instruments - hammer-stones and opaquers testify that. The analysis of the scutes shows that there were produced not less than 400 knives from the plates of the grey quartzrock on the site. The site is classified as a specialized workshop-settlement. Notably, that it is classified twice: according to the types of a raw material (plates of grey quartzrock) and the types of producing instruments (knives from the plates of quartzrock). Its functioning was in the late Neolith-Eneolith. More precise date cannot be decided yet. The materials of the workshop-settlement open an opportunity for some reconstruction buildings.

КУЗЬМИНЫХ С.В., САФОНОВ И.Е. — 2014 г.

ИСЛАНОВА И.В. — 2014 г.

One hundred year period has not shortened the list of the questions connected with the chronology of the Dyakovo type settlements, their territories and the existence of local variants. On the basis of the materials the parts of the Volgo-Baltic Waterway, the basins of Upper Volga and Upper Msta can be included in the Dyakovo area. The opinion on the absence of one Dyakovo archaeological culture existed over 1000 years ago is the most argued. At the end of the first millennium BC under the powerful impulse (and possibly the flow of a new population) from the Don river region the early Dyakovo massif has been divided and transformed gradually. It is justified to use the term "Dyakovo" cultural-archaeological community" for the common area. While studying specified territories and periods, it is necessary to distinguish the early Dyakovo (7 th/6 th - 3 rd/2 nd cc. BC) and the late Dyakovo (1 st c. BC - 6 th/7 th cc. AD) antiquities and cultural-chronological groups of sites in them. Such groups of Beseda type, Varvarina Mount type and also the settlements with ceramics ornamented on the edge of rim, the settlements with ceramics of the Moshchinsk circle are identified on the territory of the Upper Povolzhye and Valday.

БЕГОВАТОВ Е.А., ПОЛУБОЯРИНОВА М.Д. — 2014 г.

The finds of the eastern glass lamps for illumination and the decoration of mosques along with other items at the ancient settlement of the 10 th - 11 th cc. situated near Bilyar, the largest town in the pre-Mongolian Volga Bulgaria, proclaim the intensive trade and cultural connections between the medieval Povolzhye and Middle East countries.

КОМАРОВ К.И. — 2014 г.

The Alexandrov Mountain is situated on the spur on the Northern valley side of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It presents the site with the complicated stratigraphy of a cultural layer, consistently deposited in it in different periods of living: 1) the 5 th BC - 5 th AD; 2) the middle of the 10 th - the beginning of the 11 th centuries; 3) the middle of the 12 th - the beginning of the 13 th centuries; 4) the 14 th - the beginning of the 17 th centuries. The first horizon of the cultural layer belongs to the site of the Dyakovo type. The second and third horizons are more common for boyar country-seats existed here with some time break. Two barrow cemeteries, dated back to the middle of the 10 th - the beginning of the 11 th centuries and the middle of the 12 th - the beginning of the 13 th centuries, adjoined to the site, match them. The fourth horizon deposited in the period of the monastery, ruined in the Time of Troubles. The city Kleshin, as Pereslavl the new, has risen of different basis due to the development of feudal public relations in Rus.

ЧХАИДЗЕ В.Н. — 2014 г.

КОРОБОВ Д.С. — 2014 г.

ЛУРЬЕ П.Б. — 2014 г.

The so-called chapels are relatively small rooms with decorated fire-niche attached to one wall, sufas (po-diums) along three other walls and entrance furnished with tambour wall. Such rooms are often found in residence buildings of early mediaeval period in Panjakent and to the east of it in the mountainous part of Zeravshan valley. There has been a long discussion on their function in scholarly literature. Some specialists think that "chapels" were home sanctuaries related to Zoroastrian fire cult, the others tend towards more secular meaning of living rooms. The article gives description of the "chapels" excavated in the last twenty years in Panjakent and four ones in Hisorak in Matcha. Further, argumentation is given in favour of their function as sleeping rooms in winter. Apart from obvious difference of these rooms from Zoroastian fire-temples, and their structural relation to today's winter rooms of highland Tajiks, important indications are dense locations of such rooms within one household, especially in the mountains, and their low roofing, below 1.5 m from the floor. Moreover, these rooms are much more common in the cold mountain land to the east of Panjakent than in Panjakent itself. It is proposed that such rooms in Panjakent were features of families originated from the mountains.