научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Российская археология ISSN: 0869-6063

БЕЛЯЕВ Л.А. — 2004 г.

ОШИБКИНА С.В. — 2004 г.

Man's settling in the North had become possible in the Younger Dryas, nevertheless, the reliable traces of this process can be dated as late as the Preboreal period. In the final Preboreal - early Boreal the Mesolithic culture Veret'ye came into being in the territory eastward from the Lake Onega. The principal sites of the culture are located at the lakes Vozhe and Lacha, while the separate finds attributed to the culture mark penetration of the discussed group of hunters and gatherers from the south-west. The latter is confirmed by the analogies in the archaeological materials of the Baltic cultural circle and the data of physical anthropology. The author dwells upon the chronological position and sequence of emergence and functioning of the dwelling sites, camps, and cemeteries of the discussed Mesolithic culture.

ВОЛОКИТИН А.В., МАЙОРОВА Т.П. — 2004 г.

In the paper are published the results of investigation of stone, exactly, non-flint industry originating from the Mesolithic stations of Parch group. The sites are situated on the Upper Vychegda River, on its left bank. As a result of studying implements and artefacts it was established that the inhabitants of the sites used seven petrographic varieties of raw material. Special artefact-lists comprise such characteristics as: category of tools, rock used, location within the site territory (for instance, in a dwelling). It was established that the raw material could have been obtained from the outcrops on the opposite bank of the river. The authors come to the conclusion that the local population had water transport at their disposal.

КОЛ ФИЛИПП Л. — 2004 г.

This article reviews the nature and collapse of the gigantic Cucuteni-Tripol’ye settlements in central Ukraine during the first half of the IV th millennium BC. The relatively numerous inhabitants of these settlements practiced an extensive form of cereal cultivation and the herding, principally, of cattle. Over time, these settlers relied more on animal husbandry and adopted a more mobile economy, developing a unique form of Bronze Age pastoral nomadism, focused on cattle and the use of oxen-driven wagons. As they changed their way of life, their material culture changed and resembled that of the early Pit-grave cultures developing farther east. Agriculturalists became nomads, but these Bronze Age nomads qualitatively differed from those recorded historically and ethnographically on the western Eurasian steppes.

БОБРОВ В.В. — 2004 г.

ВАСЮТИН С.А. — 2004 г.

ФЛЁРОВ В.С. — 2004 г.

In 2001 at “Christie” auction among the other lots there was presented for sale a reliquary with unique images performed in graffito technique. The artefact originated from the looted burial in the territory of Khazar kaganate, it was supplied with the annotation obviously prepared by a specialist-archaeologist. Illicit excavations of archaeological sites in Russia are strongly increasing, which causes the necessity of expertise of the objects designed for sale in black market. The looters more and more often address professional archaeologists for help. The author considers any form of co-operation between the looters and professional archaeologists illegal and intolerable, and regards it as a complicity in underground illegal business. Purchasing finds from looted sites, whether by museums or private persons, should be considered intolerable. The possibility of introduction of legal trade in archaeological finds represents a real threat. The author stands against the co-operation of expert-archaeologists with the museums formed by commercial enterprises, as well as their participation in excavations designed for establishing private collections. Since now in Russia we do not have special law concerning archaeological activity, the archaeologists should be guided by the document “Codex of professional ethics” of the International Museum Council and “European convention concerning the protection of archaeological heritage” (revised version). The author puts forward the idea of establishment of All-Russian corporation of archaeologists regulated by a Charter based on the above documents.

СЕДОВ ВЛ. В. — 2004 г.

The investigation is devoted to the church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Molotkovo built in 1379. The monument has undergone several reconstructions, as a result its decoration and constructions were partly lost. The church practically has never been introduced into scientific circulation. The author presents the analysis of type, dimensions, and decoration of the church facades and comes to the conclusion that the monument should be attributed to the group of so-called “big” temples built in 1360-s and 1370-s, these churhes were ereted to boyar order, which is clearly mirrored in their architecture. The group comprises the monumental temples of the same type with lavish decoration; in the latter the elements of Romanesque and Gothic styles were used adopted from the West. It has been established that the church in Molotkovo was probably the latest one in development of the discussed group of temples, that included also the famous Novgorodan monuments like the church of Theodor Stratilates and The Saviour church in Il’ina street.

ГОРЕЛИК А.Ф., ЦЫБРИЙ А.В. — 2004 г.

The authors present the analysis of the materials from the excavations of the new Neolithic site - the camp Kremennaya II disposed in the Lower Don basin near the farmstead Zolotovsky (Milyutinsky district, Rostov region). The cultural deposit has yielded mainly flint artefacts; according to the radiocarbon determinations it dates from the late 5 th - the early 4 th millennia BC. The site demonstrates flint industry of blade type based on the technology of pressure knapping; its characteristic feature is the considerable share of geometric microliths: trapezoids, segments, and parallelograms, including the trapezes with flat dorsal retouch and the segments worked by Heluan retouch. The discussed materials are compatible with those of the Neolithic sites in the adjacent regions, which evidence their considerable similarity with the stone industries of the Neolithic sites of the North Caucasus piedmonts, North and North-Western Caspian littoral, and the Lower Donets. The sites in question are attributed to the Neolithic Lower Volga historical-cultural zone. The site Kremennaya II and the sites of Platovostavsskaya culture situated in Eastern Donbass form the western boundary of the zone, they are indirectly related to the cultural impetuses from the Near East, with the Azov-Pontic historical-cultural zone.

КОВАЛЕВСКАЯ Л.А., САРНОВСКИ Т. — 2004 г.

The paper presents a critical review of epigraphic and archaeological evidences concerning the Roman military presence in the chora of Chersonesos in the 2 nd and the 3 rd cc. AD. Some sites and discoveries are discussed: the late Scythian settlement Alma Kermen with the finds of roof tiles stamped by the legio XI Claudia, the tombstone of a Roman legionary soldier said to have been found on the northern shore of the Sevastopol Bay, inscribed fragmentary votive tablets found near Saki, cemeteries in the valleys of the Belbek and Chernaya rivers with ceramic material dated to the Roman period, small shrine at Mayachny Point, Roman sentry-post on Kazatskaya hill, tower-like structure on Suzdalskaya hill, farmhouse 150 in the Heraklean Peninsula with finds of roof tiles stamped probably by a late Roman legion, architectural remains on Bezymyannaya hill, tower-like structures along the edge of Sapun Gora as described by P.S. Pallas in late 18 th c., fortified sites in Khomutova, Yukharina, and Berman ravines (balkas). To the best of our belief, the only sites reliably testifying the Roman military presence around Chersonesos in the early centuries AD are Kazatskaya hill and Balaklava-Kadykovka. The available evidences point to the inhabitants of the fortified and non-fortified farmhouses and village-sized settlemets in the chora of Chersonesos as civil population, including possibly Roman veterans. The authors come to the conclusion that the Roman detachments in south-western Crimea had their headquarters in Chersonesos and few bases and sentry-posts on the outskirts of the Chersonesan territory. No system similar to the Roman limes was needed to provide sufficient protection of the frontier and to contribute to peaceful relations between the Greek and neighbouring indigenous populations.

ЗОРИН А.В., СТАРОДУБЦЕВ Г.Ю., ШПИЛЕВ А.Г. — 2004 г.

The publication deals with the problems of preservation of archaeological heritage in Russia, as an exempt Kursk region has been taken. The authors analyse such points as illicit excavations, necessity of counteraction against the groups of treasure-searchers, co-operation of the academic science and the mass media. They suggest solutions of some problems raised during the round table “Illicit excavations and archaeological heritage in Russia”.

ШИРИН Ю.В. — 2004 г.

Recently a number of publications have appeared united by the view of their authors on the chronology of penetration of Kulay culture into the Upper Ob’ basin. The discussed sites are dated back to the 4 th — 3 rd cc. BC. The author questions this chronological position as too early without any sufficient grounds. So-calles early Kulay sites on the Upper Ob’ were singled out according to the pottery materials originating from the settlements with mixed context displaying the indications of the alien Kulay and the local Kamen cultures. The author views as controversial the opinion that the cultures formed in the Upper Ob’ basin in the Scythian period had ceased in the 1 st c. BC being replaced by Fomin culture. Consequently, the mixed associations are dated to the earlier period. The improved chronology of Fomin culture is suggested, namely, its termunus post quem is established not before the turn of the 2 ndand the 3 rd cc. AD; this does not permit to regard the 1 st c. BC as the chronological limit of the Upper Ob’ cultures. Their genesis the author dates to the mid 1 st millennium BC. Besides, the characteristic features of the mixed pottery associations attested to the Early Kulay culture give no grounds to rule out the possibility of interaction between Kamen or another local Early Iron Age group and Fomin culture.

МЕДНИКОВА М.Б. — 2004 г.

КУЗЬМИНЫХ С.В. — 2004 г.

МЕЛЬНИКОВА Е.А., ПЕТРУХИН В.Я., ПУШКИНА Т.А., ЧЕРНЕЦОВ А.В. — 2004 г.

БАГАЕВ М.Х., КОЗЕНКОВА В.И. — 2004 г.

ЯБЛОНСКИЙ Л.Т. — 2004 г.

АРМАРЧУК Е.А., ДМИТРИЕВ А.В., КОНЬКОВА Л.В. — 2004 г.

In the paper the results of complex typological and technological investigation of a horse-harness set are presented. This is a rare find of a horse chamfrein discovered in cremation burial of kurgan 5 in the cemetery located on the Mountain Sapun near Novorossijsk. The grave contained the remains of a warrior fighting on a horseback. The ceremonial set of horse harness included the chamfrein supplied with a socket for fixing plume and six two-partial plates. The analysis of their morphology and decoration gives grounds to attribute them to the wide circle of the North Caucasian antiquities, and horse equipment in particular, dated from the 11 th - the early 13 th cc. ( the cemeteries Zmeisky, Koltso-Gora, Kolosovka I, Kuzhorsky). Some characteristic features of the set in question should be mentioned: the manner the socket was shaped, its filigree decoration, the type of the plates and their relief ornamentation. Taking into account these aspects and the typology of the rest of the grave goods, the authors suggest the chronology of the chamfrein - the second part of the 12 th - the early 13 th cc. The technological study of the objects has shown that the plates and the base of the chamfrein were made of geochemically similar material, that is, almost pure copper with lead and tin content not exceeding 1%, while the decorative upper part was shaped of tin bronze with tin content 13% (spectral emission analysis carried out by A.N. Yegor'kov). The plates and the decorative socket of the chamfrein were cast, the disks on its base were shaped by forging, and the plates constructed of two parts each, were stamped. The filigree decoration was made of drawn wire. The details were attached with silver soldering, and, finally, they had been gilt. In general technological aspect, the set of horse equipment reveals developed traditions of craftsmanship.

ЦЕТЛИН Ю.Б. — 2004 г.

The nature and the matter of pottery decoration are regarded in the paper as a part of human figurative and object activity. First, the author presents a review of recent notions on decoration and the models of its origin, and a comprehensive consideration of the matter of decoration according to seven thematic groups of information. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the first three groups characterise the process of decoration origin, the fourth group characterises ornament as such, and three last groups of information deal with various functions of decoration in human society. Finally, a general definition of decortion is suggested, the author makes an attempt to summarize in it different aspects of the discussed historical and cultural phenomenon.

ТРУФАНОВ А.А. — 2004 г.

The article is devoted to the investigation of the buckles discovered in the North Pontic zone and dated to the 1 st c. BC - the 3 rd c. AD. The considered artefacts have analogies among the provincial Central European production of the Roman period. In European chronological system the buckles of discussed types are chronological indicators of different stages of the Roman period (B1-C1). The presented analysis of the associations with reliable chronology in the North Pontic zone permits to improve the chronological ranges of each type of buckles in the region in question.