научная статья по теме Макросоциальная гражданская идентичность молодежи (социологическое измерение) Биология

Текст научной статьи на тему «Макросоциальная гражданская идентичность молодежи (социологическое измерение)»

DOI: 10.12731/wsd-2014-11-24 UDC 316.7

MACROSOCIAL YOUTH CIVIL IDENTITY (SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUE)

Aksyutin Y.M.

Within the modern social, political and economical transformations topics of analysis and characters of modern Russian youth macrosocial civil identity, especially in polyethnic areas, are of evident urgency. This can be explained by not only aims to modernize Russian state and develop and enforce civil society, but also by the role played by youth in social activity when creating society potential, determining content and character of social and cultural processes in nearest future.

In order to make question about civil identity place in postSoviet Russia youth identities' structure clear, empirical sociological research was made in South Siberia district (Republic of Khakassia) in 2014. It was sentenced that youth civil identity, excluding civil identification, highly-developed political structure and civil self-consciousness, keeps its fragmentary character.

Keywords: civil identity, youth, self-consciousness, transformations.

МАКРОСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ГРАЖДАНСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ МОЛОДЕЖИ (СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ)

Аксютин Ю.М.

В контексте современных социально-политических и экономических трансформаций вопросы анализа и характеристики модели макросоциальной гражданской идентичности современной российской молодежи, особенно в полиэтничных регионах, обладают очевидной актуальностью. Это объясняется не только задачами модернизации российского государства, необходимостью развития и укрепления основ гражданского общества, но и той ролью, которую молодежь играет в жизни любого социума, формируя его потенциал, определяя содержание и характер социокультурных процессов ближайшего будущего.

С целью прояснения вопроса о месте гражданской идентичности в структуре идентичностей молодых жителей регионов постсоветской России в 2014 г. в Южно-Сибирском регионе (Республика Хакасия) методом формализованного интервьюирования было осуществлено эмпирическое социологическое исследование. В результате было установлено, что гражданская идентичность молодежи, включающая государственную идентификацию, развитую политическую культуру и гражданское самосознание, сохраняет фрагментарный характер.

Ключевые слова: гражданская идентичность, молодежь, самосознание, трансформации.

Within modern political, social and economical transformations in post-Soviet Russia topics of youth identity character and specifics analysis become more and more relevant. This is explained by not only aims for modernization of Russian state and society according to democracy, civicism, pluralism and tolerance ideas [1, р. 327], but also by the role played by youth in social activity when creating society potential, determining content and character of social and cultural processes in nearest future [2, р. 194].

Before giving estimation of regional typical features within the youth, it's necessary to note that young Russians, especially in poly-ethnic areas, pretentiously supporting democratic principles of social and political constitution, reveal a trend to find identity base in ethnic actualization. The reason for mentioned contradiction is based on post-Soviet «nation-creating» processes. After collapse of Soviet state and society ex-Soviet citizens lost clear ideological basis for civil self-consciousness growth. This caused ethnic actualization among young people, especially those who lived in so-called «national republics», where representatives of different ethnoses, cultures, traditions cooperate. Identity models contradiction (post-traditional supraethnic and traditional ethnic ones) is nowadays a basic reason of contradictions and even strict conflicts expressed in certain social practices.

In this context concernment of macrosocial supraethnic identity nature and functioning specifics analysis becomes evident, especially under conditions of traditionalism and globalization trends strengthening. This is mostly relevant for those areas, where representatives of different nations and different social and cultural identities cooperate immediately.

Purpose

Description of structure and analysis of the Russian young people civil identity development specific character on the example of Southern Siberia.

Materials and methods of research

Before analyzing modern state and typical character of identities in Russia and its areas, we should note that «identity» term did not used in Russian science tradition until 1980's, when «identity» term being borrowed from the Western scientific school accumulated traditional Russian Research humanitarian concepts «self-consciousness» and «national mentality».

The modern researchers based on P. Berger [3] and E. Ericsson's [4] works, differentiate microsocial levels of identification (groups of immediate cooperation, traditional (original) communities) and macrosocial ones (symbolic national communities, civil society etc.) [5, 6]. In this context identity which is formed on macrosocial level during identification can be determined as peculiar phenomena of personality's comprehension of its equality to macrosocial community that supposes confession of society's values, social rituals, stereotypes and behaviour models. The essence of macrosocial identity is, on the one hand, transindividual culture, supraethnic values, and comprehension of participation to certain state citizens. This participation can be reached through obligatory cooperation between authorities and citizens expressed by constitutional rights' accept. On the other hand, it is ethnicity that helps to distinguish one ethnic culture bearer from another [7, p. 26].

Issues of creating and development of macrosocial civil supraeth-nic identity often become topic for researches in post-Soviet times [8].

However, issues of regional features of youth civil identification are still out of researchers' field. In this context a research (formal interview) was made in Republic of Khakassia in 2014 to make situation with civil supraethnic identity among young people in the area clear1.

Research results and their interpretation

According to the concept of supraethnic civil identity it was necessary to determine a place of civil identity among post-Soviet young Russians' identities and to discover its specific characters in Southern Siberia. The concept of supraethnic civil identity supposes unity of such components: civil self-consciousness and highly-developed political structure.

Opinion poll, made in 2013 by All-Russian centre of public opinion study in 2013 in western regions of Russia (Moscow, Kaliningrad, Ekaterinburg, Makhachkala), fixed state identity domination among young people aged 18 to 35 identities (59 %). Fewer amount of people demonstrated local/regional identity (35 %). It's interesting that generation and ethnic identities (19 and 20 %, accordingly) yielded to state-civil one [8].

The analysis of sociological research held in 2014 in polyethnic Southern Siberia district (The Republic of Khakassia) confirmed opinion poll's result of the West of Russia. State identity among the youth here is represented even stronger than in the West (92,2 %). The second place took the republic identity (4,9 %), and the third place is kept by ethnic identity (1,8 %).

1 Sociological research (April - May 214.) Selective totality - 385 (0,36 %) people. Research method is questioning. Aim selection (proportional share) based on Khakasstatistic data was used.

Taking ethnic attribute into account does not change the whole picture due to great amount of the Russians in republic (80 %). «Native» nations (the Khakasses) demonstrate evidently more republic/ regional identity (Russians - 3,7 %, the Kakasses 9,4 %) and the ethnic one (Russians - 0,7 %, the Khakasses - 5,9 %). However, Russian identity is on the leader positions (Russians - 94,7 %, the Khakasses -83,5 %). In other words, domination of state identity among youth identities gives reason to state that constructed societies (state and regional ones) have more place in young republicans' self-consciousness than original (ethnic).

Domination of state identity is important but not the only indicator of supraethnic national self-consciousness and identity of regional society youth creating. Comprehension of participation to citizens society and self-identification with citizens of country is enforced by development of self-organization forms and political culture which is expressed by constitutional rights perception [9, p. 18]. It is supposer to characterize state and specific characters of civil self-organization and citizens' participation to managing civil society according to range of reasons: first, display of interest and active participation to political, social and cultural and economic events; second, high grade of familiarity about political and social and cultural events; third, acknowledgment of such participation importance; fourth, activity when right for political participation realized [10, p. 82; 11, p. 155].

According to 2014 research results, interest of young people in politics and their involvement into its realization are of fragmentary character. About a half of young people (47,0 %) are interested in political and political events. Only 7,8 % of respondents pay attention to political field. Great amount of young people in republic ex-

pressed episodical interests to politics (48,8 %), or absence of it at all (42,6 %).

The analysis of young people acknowledgement of political, social and cultural events also des not change the whole picture. Only 1/4 of respondents consider themselves to be quite well-informed, but every 10th respondent (or less than 11 %) had no idea of character and content of political and social and cultural events. If we consider that there is straight subordination between interest and activity of participation, the fact that only 0,8 % of respondents noticed their personal participation in political events. Only 1,6 % of respondents aged 18-34 ar

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