DOI: 10.12731/wsd-2014-9.1-10 UDC 637
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES WITH ACCOUNT OF MONITORING
Shatalova T.N., Zhirnova T.V.
Objective: statement of the research results of the modern methodical approaches to the management of energy resources of the industrial enterprises.
Work performance methodology: the research is executed from the perspective of actual power management concepts of the industrial enterprises.
Results: the tool base basic elements on the management of enterprise energy resources are revealed; the organizational aspects of formation of power management, power audit and monitoring at the industrial enterprises are opened; the organizational and functional structure of an analytical laboratory on the energy saving is offered.
Application field of the results: can be used when carrying out the complex researches in the field ofpower management of the industrial enterprises.
Keywords: energy resources, energy saving, power management, energy audit, monitoring.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К УПРАВЛЕНИЮ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ, С УЧЕТОМ МОНИТОРИНГА
Шаталова Т.Н., Жирнова Т.В.
Цель: изложение результатов исследования современных методических подходов к управлению энергетическими ресурсами промышленных предприятий.
Методология проведения работы: исследование выполнено с позиций актуальных концепций энергетического менеджмента промышленных предприятий.
Результаты: выявлены основные элементы инструментальной базы по управлению энергоресурсами предприятия; раскрыты организационные аспекты формирования на промышленных предприятиях энергетического менеджмента, энергетического аудита и мониторинга; предложены организационно-функциональная структура аналитической лаборатории по энергосбережению.
Область применения результатов: могут быть использованы при проведении комплексных исследований в области энергетического менеджмента промышленных предприятий.
Ключевые слова: энергоресурсы, энергосбережение, энергетический менеджмент, энергоаудит, мониторинг.
Introduction
The experience of industrialized countries defined the conceptual approaches to the management of energy resources for the purpose of their optimization. These approaches unite in themselves legal, organizational, economic, geographical, demographic and other aspects. We consider that these aspects as a whole depend on the administrative tool base including power management, power audit and monitoring.
The research objective: statement of the research results of the modern methodical approaches to the management of energy resources of the industrial enterprises.
The research materials and methods
The research is based on a complex of the scientific literature on problems of the power management and statistical data of the industrial enterprises. When carrying out the research the integrated methodical tools developed by authors and stated in the multi-author book in details were applied [1]
The main part
To create the system of energy saving in the activity of any enterprise it is necessary to introduce the power management which provides the integrated approach to structural economy of different types of energy. As a basis of the power management it is expedient to use the system approach [2] which includes seven consecutive stages: system (in dynamics) analysis of the general provision with the energy consumption in the company; control and situation assessment during the present time period (on actual basis); process of decision-making on the power management introduction; energy consumption fixation;
tracking and assessment of the energy consumption; informing on results of the responsible executives and employees; development of measures for the organization, technology and behavior.
The questions of consultation on the energy saving are the important aspect of the power management introduction [3]. Such consultation should include stages of the first two stages and provide deep understanding of the situation and objectives of the stimulation of workers and enterprises for the effective power management introduction. The key moment for the majority of projects on the energy saving is a competent consultation. Initial conditions and possibilities of introduction of the energy saving program differ in each company. The main objective that the organizations [4] want to reach consists in the restriction of emissions of CO2, SO2 and NO2 in the atmosphere. One of ways for this purpose achievement is the persuasion of consumers to lower the energy consumption level. The power management purpose can be formulated as a rational use of energy [5]. And this purpose shouldn't be limited only to taking measures for the energy economy, the system approach of the power management is necessary here. We added the objectives, tools (necessary information gathering) to the process of implementation of the power management plan. This process is approximate model [6] and is free for further development.
1. The system (in dynamics) analysis of the general provision with the energy consumption in the company. Its objective is to present the electricity consumption situation and costs of its consumption in the form of tables and charts. For this purpose it is necessary to collect information on the consumption and expenses for energy over the last 5 years: counter reading data, suppliers' accounts and administrative data. Further it is necessary to carry out the analysis of the consump-
tion and costs of the energy consumption with available calculations so that to show the economy or overexpenditure. To obtain the analysis results it is required to give a ratio of the energy consumption to the volume of the building and a number of inhabitants, in such a way it is possible to obtain the comparison indicators. After that it is necessary to compare the energy consumption level by the certain building to national indicators in similar conditions. Then to correct the data on the energy consumption on heating according to climatic data. For this purpose it is possible to use a method of the degree-days giving the chance to compare data of several years. After that the analysis of monthly energy consumption data according to the suppliers' accounts for the whole year is necessary. Having studied the structure and contents of contracts of the energy suppliers, the parameters for the analysis and assessment of the situation at that moment can be determined [7]. In the presence of several objects which power consumption needs to be estimated, it is necessary to decide on priori-ties.The necessary data for this process: consumption level of the gas, electric power, oil products in a year and their comparison for the last five years, power consumption data according to counter readings for the previous calendar year, data on the volume of buildings, total area, number of users, operating expenses and income. To obtain this data it is expedient to use an inquiry form which is filled on the basis of data of the energy company accounts department. At the realization of the initial stage it is necessary to define the list of the energy consumption data provided by the organization accounts department, and also to estimate the degree of the received information reliability, to develop an inquiry form and reporting system. It is important to interest the orga-
nization in providing the credible information. The consumed energy registration and accounts department calculations are the fundamental conditions of the power management introduction at this stage.
2. The control and situation assessment during the present time period (on actual basis).
3. The process of decision-making on the power management introduction. The objective of this stage is the power management introduction; reaching cooperation with the responsible executives in the field of the power management policy and organization; increase of the responsibility of employees for the management introduction. The responsible executives have to decide how it is possible to introduce the power management to the enterprise activity, the task and implementation of the introduction plan is also assigned to it. It is necessary to think over the accurate policy with the indication of specific goals. The use of such approach promotes the public awareness of the power management idea [8]. The power management should be begun with the priority rating. Why the information on the absolute and relative energy consumption level in comparison with national indicators is necessary; on the measures for the energy economy taken earlier; and on the productivity of these measures; technical condition of buildings. When the high consumption level of the electric power on certain technological processes is found, the attention should be given first of all to the solution of these aspects. The experience shows that the power management introduction needs only 3-5% of annual costs for the general energy consumption. The expenses in 3-5% are quite acceptable as the power consumption regulation allows to receive 10% of economy only due to the power management introduction. The project payback makes about half a year [9].
4. The energy consumption fixation. The responsible executives together with the power consumption manager decide what data is necessary. The purpose is to gather the information on the energy consumption for having the image of a situation at the enterprise and the assessment of efficiency of taken measures. As a result of continuous data recording on the electric power consumption level it is possible to decide on the frequency of its consumption, to compare the obtained data with the similar period of the last year and with norms for the energy consumption.
5. Tracking and assessment of the energy consumption in practice means that the actual energy consumption level is controlled on the basis of norms. The simplest
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