научная статья по теме MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH NESTEROV Языкознание

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Mikhail Vasilievich Nesterov

The picturesque nature of Bashkiria was reflected in the paintings made by Mikhail Vasilievich Nesterov. He was the first artist to show the beauty of this land. Being fond of Aksakov's poetry, Nesterov tried to create pictures describing "its wild nature". His interest in the Urals, in Bashkiria was natural. Nobody can help admiring the beauty of the mountains, the rivers, the woods, the fields and the lakes of Bashkortostan.

Nesterov was born in Ufa on the 31st of May 1862 and he was brought up in our city. His youth was spent here and he made his first steps as an artist watching the nature of Bashkiria and studying the customs and traditions of the Bashkirs.

Nesterov's further steps as a painter were made at the Moscow School of Arts (he was Perov's student) but he often visited Ufa. He wrote that the Urals could give different ideas for landscape painters. M.V. Nesterov presented all his works to Ufa and founded a museum which now has collections of masterpieces created by well-known Russian artists. The museum was founded in 1919. We can enjoy seeing masterpieces created by such well-known artists as Kramskoy, Makovsky, Orlovsky, Aivasovsky, Savrasov, Repin, Levitan, Shishkin and others.

There were 30 paintings by Nesterov on the walls of the Nesterov Museum. Now there are 87 pictures made by this wonderful painter. His daughter and grand-daughter presented their own collections to the museum.

The Vision of Young Bartholomew is the picture that brought Nesterov glory. The story of the picture is as follows. The boy was sent by his father to look for a lost horse. He met an old man who could foresee future events. This old man predicted Bartholemew's future and told him that he could make one of his wishes come true. The boy wished to be clever and asked the old man to give him

the ability to study different subjects. This created an emotional response in Nesterov and he was able to reflect this in the boy's image. This picture is one of the series of pictures dedicated to Sergey Radonezhsky in his childhood.

The picture The Vision of Young Bartholomew is not finished but there is one more version in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.

As for the first version of the picture, we know that while working on the picture, Nesterov was ill. He fainted and fell down. The canvas was torn. There are different versions of the fact why Nesterov did not continue the work and took another canvas in order to create the same picture: a torn canvas is not very good to put paints on and the picture usually loses its value; Nesterov thought that it was a sign from the heaven, a sign from God to stop work and start again. Maybe the second version is closer to the truth.

Nesterov devoted a lot of pictures to the nature of Bashkiria: Ufa, An Early Spring, The River Belaya. Besides we can see other interesting pictures describing people and the environment of people who impressed him: An Old Man and a Child, Father's Study, Pilgrim Anton, A Pianist.

Being fond of the theatre, Nesterov watched different performances. The actress Zankovskaya, who was known all over Russia, once visited the city. He was greatly impressed by her acting. After watching the performance Nesterov went to her make-up room and begged her to sit for a portrait. She was awfully tired but the young artist asked her so passionately, so enthusiastically that she agreed. And now we can see that wonderful portrait at the museum.

The picture Aksakov's Mother-land is dedicated to Aksakov. Aksakov's works helped Nesterov to understand and love Bashkir land, they helped Nesterov to bring up his daughters. The landscape is well-known to us: the monument to Salavat Yulayev is situated there now.

It is a dull autumn day. Nesterov chose such a day because his inner state coincided with the sadness of the autumn day, with the grey clouds in the sky. He

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was going to leave Ufa and that is why his spirits were not high.

Nesterov's first wife Maria died giving birth to their daughter Olga. Nesterov loved Maria greatly and we can read his words dedicated to her: 'My bride, you were wonderful in spite of your modest dress. The happiness was inside her. And she was so beautiful, that even now there are no words to describe her or to compare her to somebody else. Both my love for Masha and the loss of her have made me an artist, have given me the essence and the feelings that I could reflect in my paintings'. Their daughter Olga embroidered Mother's Portrait painted by Nesterov.

Through the glass of the stand we can see shoes, gloves and the wedding veil that belonged to Maria. Nesterov's memories (memoirs) can be seen near his wife's things. We can see a photo of the house where the Nesterovs lived. The house was at the place where the hotel Agidel is situated now. A cast of Nesterov's hand can be seen here, inside the glass stand.

There are pictures that were made with the help of Nesterov's daughters. His daughter Olga can be seen in the sketch to the picture Spring is Wonderful. She sat for the portrait showing the image of a young shepherd.

The Head of a Czarina is an episode to the picture Two Harmonies. Nesterov's elder sister Alexandra posed for the picture.

The full-length portrait of Nesterov's second wife was created in 1906. He reflected her feelings which were in harmony with the surrounding nature of the bright summer day.

M.V. Nesterov collected paintings of well-known Russian artists. This collection also reveals his soul, his interests, his respect towards other talented people. Thus we can find After Rain by Stefanovsky, Landscape with a Hut by Savrasov, Pine-trees and A Forest Road by Levitan.

A fascinating picture by Orlovsky shows the heroism of Bashkir riders in the war with Napoleon in 1812.

A Bashkir Rider depicts a very strong, brave, quick Bashkir soldier. French soldiers were afraid of quick Bashkir riders defending Russia, their motherland.

Wonderful masterpieces created by Aivasovsky are incomparable with other paintings. Aivasovsky presented some of his works to Nesterov and these pictures are also on the walls of the Nesterov Art Museum. He was a romantic person, with a great affection for the beauty of the sea. He was able to reflect its bright and picturesque scenes. His masterpieces are profound and emotional. All his pictures are emotionally coloured. Aivas-ovsky was awarded a gold medal in France in 1843. In 1844 he came back to Russia as a well-known master of paintings. The paintings of that period are the most talented ones. We can both see and hear his pictures. His pictures sound like a major scale raising the spirits. Aivasovsky is known as a wonderful painter having shown the sea as a remarkable, free, and all-powerful

element. And that is why he was highly appreciated by Nesterov.

Т.Ю. Амосова

Сведения об авторе: Амосова Татьяна Юрьевна, учитель английского языка, гимназия № 3, г. Уфа, Башкортостан. E-mail: amosova_tu@mail.ru

Ключевые слова: Nesterov, The Vision of Young Bartholemew, the nature of Bashkiria, Aksakov's Motherland, paintings of well-known Russian artists.

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