SOME NEW HUMAN FRIENDLY ENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES*
P.J. Kervalishvili, I.R. Utiamishev
International Scientific Technologies, Inc. 1701 K Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington D.C. 20006 Tel.: (1) 202 8570945, fax: (1) 202 6599852
Сведения об авторе: 1949 г.р., кандидат технических наук (ГИРЕДМЕТ, Москва 1979), доктор физико-математических наук (ИАЕ им. И. В. Курчатова, Москва 1984), профессор (МИФИ).
Профессиональный опыт: в 1971 - 1992 годах после окончания Грузинского Политехнического Института он работал в научно-технологических центрах Министерства Среднего Машиностроения СССР, в 1992 -1994 в различных центрах США и Европы, в 1994 -1999 в Грузинском Правительстве. В настоящее время работает профессором в Институте Технической Физики Грузинского Технического Университета (г. Тбилиси).
Публикации: более 250 научных работ в области физики конденсированных сред, ядер-Кервалишвили Паага ных и лазерных технологий, сенсорных и информационных систем.
Джамлетович
Education: Moscow Physical Technical Institute, 1977
Scientific degree and ranks: Dr.Sci.Tech., emician of the Russian academy of Natural Sciences; European Academy of Natural Sciences; Academy of Medical Egineering Sciences; Academy of Industrial Ecology. Headed scientific divisions in the research organizations, was the leading expert - the coordinator of a direction (medical images) Coordination Center of countries - COMECON members on development of medical engineering.1978-1990 - the head of problem laboratory All Union Research Institute of Electric Current Sources "Quant" Corp. of Ministry of Electrical Industry of the USSR. 1980-1983 - the head of laboratory of medical imaging systems (All Union Research Institute for Medical Engineering). 1998-2002 - a member of Executive Committee and the Regional representative for Central and East Europe and the CIS countries the World Association of Industrial Technological Research Organizations WAITRO. 1990 - at present Director, Applied Research Institute. 2005 - Deputy Director Gen- nc}ar д Utiamyshev eral, Russian Energy Efficiency Union
Field of activity and professional interests: Scientific and technical projects in the field of the power, alternative fuel; promotion of industrial technological investment projects; work c foreign firms and the organizations -potential partners and investors on promotion of perspective Russian industrial products of technologies; the organization and carrying out of large international scientific and technical actions in the Russian Federation and overseas (forums, seminars, exhibitions)
Publication: The author of more than 70 scientific publications, 2 monographies in the field of optical holography, medical introscopy, alternative and renewable energy sources.
Energy production creates a number of problems. One of the most important of them is irreversible infringement of ecological balance or global environmental pollution. The discussed problems demand acceptance of urgent efforts for their decision, but at the same time it is necessary to estimate real technological and economical opportunities, develop technologies and means of clearing of harmful emissions and recycling of waste products.
As compromise alternative there are new technologies of deep processing of rigid low potential fuel, which can be used on a way of transition for renewable power sources. One of the main advantages of deep processing is ecological cleanness of the process.
Among the new energy production technologies the hydrogen based fuel ones look very promisable. Their sufficient ecological safety of use, acceptability for thermal engines without essential change of their design, high caloric output, opportunity of a long-term storage, the transportations on an existing transport network, no toxicity etc. allow as to use them as alternative sources of energy. As a result of the carried out works a simple high-efficiency device for decomposition of water and manufacturing unprecedented low-cost hydrogen by means of method of gravitational electrolysis of electrolyte solution called Electro Hydrogen Generator (EHG) has been recently invented.
The necessity in developing of models and technologies for molecular mixture preparation has arisen in the connection with an increasing needs of fine-dispersed, water-fuel emulsions, used as a fuel for engine of internal combustion, gas turbine and boiler's plants.
Introducing work belongs to mixing processes and their novel equipment, which is based of developing analytical approaches and modern construction device, permits to obtain the stable mixtures based on the substances with different chemical nature.
Solid Fuel Deep Processing
Decreasing resources of oil and natural gas has forced to search new alternative to liquid and gas fuel.
The situation on the world oil market isn't favorable for most of consumers. The prices had been increase 2 -3
times compared to conventional and reached the level 60 USD per barrel. In this situation production of oil and gas from cheap materials looks attractive and promising.
As well known deposits of brown coal, shale oil are huge and can be used during the life of several gener-
* Статья была представлена в виде доклада на Второй конференции по возобновляемой энергетики «Энергия будущего», проходившей в Ереване 27-28 июня 2005 г.
ations. At present this materials cannot compete with traditional fuel used at thermal power stations, transport etc. The main problem is low efficiency, high level of pollution: ash, asphalt fractions, sulfur and nitrogen oxides.
From the other hand these raw materials contain sufficient amount of necessary liquid and gas fractions which can be extracted from the solid substance.
The cost of processing technology is 4-5 times higher but we can definitely predict the growth of oil prices in future that makes new technologies competitive with existing fuel.
One of the main advantages of deep processing is ecological cleanness of the process.
There are two basic technologies of solid fuel processing [1].
One is known from the period of World War II and was practically implemented in Germany. It is based on high temperature hydrogenization of coal powder.
The second one based on low temperature pyrolisis of low quality coal, brown coal and shale oil. The sufficiently temperature of the process is 800-850 °C. It means that atmospheric nitrogen do not react with oxygen and no nitrogen oxides are produced. The sulfur oxide output is also decreased 4 -5 times neutralized by CaO contained in processed material.
As a result of processing many chemical valuable products as ichthyol, ichthyol-sodium salts, sulphikh-ton, plastisizers, building mastics, shale oil benzene and tholuene, road asphalt materials can be extracted. Special products on the base of thiophene and derivatives especially valuable for medicine such as 2-methylthio-phene, 3-methythiophene . The cost of these materials can reach $ 1000/kg.
As to brown coal processing an set of effective activated cal sorbents can be produced as additional product.
Table 1 Solid Fuel Deep Pyrolisis Processing
Type of raw material Liquid fuel output, kg per tonne* Gas output, kg per tonne*
Coal and Brown Coal Shale oil 50-200 Up to 130 Up to 300 40-50
Fig.1 Structure of the plant
P -coal for power; T- technological coal; 1 - crushing, drying, 1' - crushing 30-10, 2 - pyrolisis, 2'- pyrolisis 30-10 waste % T, 3 - activation, 3' - activation 10 - 20, 4 - adsorber, 4' - adsorber 10-20 worked out sorbents 20 - 40 % T, 5 - adsorber, 5' - adsorber.
The coal is heated in pyrolisis block up to 500oC where it is dissolved indo solid state semi coke and vapor-gas mixture, which is burnt in power block as a fuel. Semi coke is activated for sorbents (4 types). All the gases are burned. The plant is positioned at the thermal power station and represents single associated complex. Only 1 -2 % of coal is used for processing into sorbents in blocks 1,2,3. All the dust and gas waste products 1',2',3' are returned to power station and are burned in fire-boxes. Worked out sorbents 4', 5' are also burned there. The full technological process is totally waste less.
The cost of ready product is 3 - 4 times less comparable to similar sorbents manufactured by other companies.
Table 2 Technical parameters of sorbents
* Output value depends on humidity and ash content
Coal Sorbent Production
The process can find its application in heat-power engineering and other branches of industry.
Fine cleaning of water of pollutants is among the most important environmental problems. The most efficient technique for fine water treatment to remove toxic pollutants is sorption on carbon sorbents, i.e., highly porous granular substances which absorb pollutants from water running through then However, the high cost of such sorbents hampers their wide application. Therefore, it is of importance to develop new technological processes for the efficient production of inexpensive sorbents. The proposed method of sorbent production is based on the boiling-bed technological principles and high-production equipment, which are used in petroleum refining and other branches of industry.
Index Unit Value
Particle size composition: particle size mm 0-5
The percentage of particles less than 0.5 mm % 3-5
Abrasion strength g/cm3 60
Apparent density 0.4-0.5
Total pore volume by moisture capacity cm3/g 0,57-0.59
Adsorption activity by iodine % 45-65
Sorption activity by phenol mg/g 55-60
Volume of micro pores cm3/g 0.26-0.29
Volume of mesopores cm3/g 0.019-0.17
Specific surface area m2/g 450-701
< £
The main applications of activated coal sorbents in the power sector\are: water preparation for thermal power stations; drainage water cleaning from oil components, regeneration and industrial water cleaning from organics; water cleaning from radio nuclides, reduction of burial volumes tens thousands times, iodine gases purification.
In communal service:
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