научная статья по теме Training of highly-qualified personnel using elements of a higher education institution innovation infrastructure Экономика и экономические науки

Текст научной статьи на тему «Training of highly-qualified personnel using elements of a higher education institution innovation infrastructure»

Training of highly-qualified personnel using elements of a higher education institution innovation infrastructure

yflK 378.14

Kuzmina Svetlana Nikolaevna

Deputy Pro-Rector for Innovative Development, Ph D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Non-state educational institution of higher professional education St. Petersburg University of Management and Economics 190103, Saint-Petersburg, Lermontovskiy pr., 44, lit. А

In this article the specific features of the highly-qualified personnel training are examined based on a higher education institution innovation infrastructure, as well as the graduates' professional skills and competencies formation in compliance with requirements of the national economic management system, foreign experience in organization of technology parks, business incubators and enterprises, including possibilities of its utilization in the educational process, are analyzed.

Keywords: personnel training, innovation infrastructure, business-education structure, business incubator, technology park, smaller innovative enterprises, transfer of knowledge, international partnership

Russian economy needs innovations to be developed, implemented and supported. At present there is an urgent need of specialists who are able to think creatively, to implement innovations in production and in a system of production control. Processes that take place in national economy form requirements to qualifications of higher institutions' graduates with relevant professional competencies and skills. To satisfy the emerging needs, an innovation infrastructure of higher education institutions, as well as business incubators and smaller innovation enterprises that will help in formation of competencies and skills that national economic management system demands.

Let's consider specific features of the innovation structures operations from the organizational point of view at the level of national and regional economy and from the point of view of a business-educational structure, by analyzing experience of both Russia and foreign respondents.

As we know, one of the innovations development elements is availability of a certain infrastructure. This explains a growing interest in science and technology parks and business incubators, structures aiming at encouraging of new companies growth [1].

According to the experience and analysis of Russian smaller entrepreneurship on the one hand, and experience of business incubators operations abroad on the other hand, efficiency of the created enterprise increases manifold, if there is a possibility of using a business incubator mechanism to support it. Diversity of models and high flexibility allow to utilize this business development instrument in Russian conditions and fulfill its potential in solving problems of Russian cities and regions. Practical experience accumulated by business incubators worldwide allows to avoid many errors and to overcome difficulties

Fernando Albericio

Director of Barcelona Science Park

Torre R, 6a planata, Baldiri Reixac, 4, 08028

Barcelona

with minimal losses [2]. So, we assume that the business incubator's mission could be creating conditions for sustainable development of enterprises at the initial stage through leasing (sub-leasing) of non-residential premises and rendering consulting, accounting and legal services. It could act as a catalyst in the process of setting up and developing smaller enterprises, providing comprehensive support to them and project monitoring for the purpose of implementation in the business environment. The business incubator's objectives include:

• solving organizational problems of smaller entrepreneurship subjects, emerging at the stage of business establishment;

• formation of a favorable competitive entrepreneurship environment;

• growth of smaller subjects, increase of their viability;

• ensuring of organizational and structural conditions for development of smaller enterprises and business services quality;

• setting up a system of selection, comprehensive support and entering the market for the starting entrepreneurs;

• setting up a structure for methodical, information, consulting and legal support for smaller enterprises. In general, these are objectives to create entrepreneurship

environment, to provide conditions to set up and develop smaller enterprises in the business incubators priority fields, including development of production, implementation of innovation technologies. We assume that in line with a scope of the regions integration, business incubators must be guided by comprehensive regional development, work out the inter-regional framework for their activities.

Unfortunately, the studies show lack of any experience related to formation of regional business incubators systems, especially, in the field of high qualification personnel training. It is explained by the fact that so far business incubators have not become widespread in Russia. Yet, through formation of business incubators regional systems, there emerges some synergistic effects — interrelations between business incubators working in a region, the efficiency of their work and of functional infrastructure that supports smaller entrepreneurship in general, increases. Evidently, to increase efficiency in formation of business incubators regional systems, it is required to tackle issues related to formation of institution of regional infrastructure for supporting smaller entrepreneurship [3]. Thus, in the

opinion of A. N. Salov, director of business incubator in the city of Vladivostok, formation of business incubators regional system as a holistic institution of infrastructure to support smaller entrepreneurship is based on certain principles.

Principle of involvement. Formation of business incubators regional system should, first of all, be based upon enterprises, institutions existing in the region and available resources. Such interaction assists in synergistic effects emerging for all participants.

Principle of integrating efforts. Integrating of infrastruc-tural elements to support entrepreneurship into a regional complex allows to form a management infrastructure, to ensure sustainable connections, to coordinate creation and development of mechanisms to boost entrepreneurs' initiatives.

Principle of self-organization and self-regulation. Business incubators system is considered a self-regulating organization, initiating and taking measures to support entrepreneurship [4].

When using these logical principles there emerges interrelation between educational institutions, R@D centers and business. This proves the necessity of business incubators in higher education structures for the purpose of implementation of new technologies, expansion of partnership connections, promotion of goods and services in the markets. This requires a certain system that satisfies certain conditions following from our research. The system covered by the cited list should be examined as the comprehensive whole, where each element is important.

1. Coordination and regulation system for business incubators under formation should cover (in any event, at the initial stage) two basic directions of business development: on the one hand, business service, on the other hand, industrial and technological innovation sphere, R@D in innovation field, specialists training by higher education institutions that takes this specifics into account.

2. The incubation potential of smaller innovation enterprises should, to a maximum extent, use technological, information, research and technical resources that can be provided by businesses of any type and level, already functioning in the country.

3. As the offered structure is based, first of all, on Russian positive experience in business incubating, constant monitoring of this sphere development in Russia seems absolutely necessary, as well as to available extent, using of those achievements and innovations which may be efficiently adapted in the future.

4. Business incubating in the framework of the offered structure is considered to be a dual process, with its greater part aimed at setting up smaller innovation enterprises and adaptation of different scientific and technological innovations by them, and with the remaining, whereas less significant part, — aimed at sanitation of smaller businesses already functioning in the two spheres described above.

5. Business incubating should, undoubtedly, (and this is confirmed by the structure's nature per se) clearly direct the incubated business at maximum evolution using extension of partnership connections and participation in network structures of different types.

6. Paying great attention to an efficiency problem of smaller business incubating and its further operations as such, business incubating activity should equally use opportunities to increase efficiency due to rational using of different types of resources, as well as to wide application of techniques, means and methods to provide smaller businesses operations real results.

7. In the framework of business incubating itself and ^ the structure coordinating its development, an idea ^ of "growth points" should be realized (irrelevant of g their nature and reasons for their appearance), which m is being appropriately transformed into organizational ^ as well as functional elements of the structure. o

8. Business incubating should constantly take into account and realize in its practice two directions, especially important for the economic development: on the one hand, the smaller industrial business, being incubated on its own, with the incubating system per se, should jointly solve the most important regional problems; on the other hand, in the process of development and formation of the appropriate opportunities, the smaller industrial business and the system incubating it should pay special attention to the growth of the national export potential.

9. With orientation on those two spheres

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