научная статья по теме DEVELOPMENT OF COMPACT DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS-GAS FROM HYDROCARBON FUEL ONBOARD THE AUTOMOBILE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FUEL AND ENHANCE THE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILES Комплексное изучение отдельных стран и регионов

Текст научной статьи на тему «DEVELOPMENT OF COMPACT DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS-GAS FROM HYDROCARBON FUEL ONBOARD THE AUTOMOBILE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FUEL AND ENHANCE THE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILES»

Second International Symposium «Safety and Economy of Hydrogen Transport»

IFSSEHT-2003

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPACT DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS-GAS FROM HYDROCARBON FUEL ON BOARD THE AUTOMOBILE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FUEL AND TO ENHANCE THE ECOLOGICAL CHARASTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILES

V. Ya. Terent'ev1, O. F. Brizitsky1, A. P. Khristolyubov1, I. A. Zolotarsky2, V. A. Kirillov2, V. A. Sobyanin2

1 RFNC-VNIIEF, 37 Mira pr., Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region, 607188, Russia Fax: (83130) 4-00-32, e-mail: trn@ aven.vniief.ru 2 RAS SB Institute of Catalysis, 5 Akademika M. A. Lavrent'eva prosp., Novossibirsk, 630090, Russia

To increase the fuel cost-efficiency and reduce harmful release from car internal combustion engine into the atmosphere, we propose to inject a hydrogen-containing additive in addition to fuel into the combustion chamber, the additive being produced onboard the car from the original fuel in the gas synthesis-gas.

One of promising ways to improve the internal combustion engine (ICE) to increase fuel cost-efficiency and enhance the ecological car characteristics in urban environment is to use depleted combustion modes in ICE, i.e. fuel combustion with a redundant air resource. This ICE mode can be achieved by adding hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas to the hydrocarbon fuel used in the vehicle, including synthesis-gas [1-4]. Combustion of depleted fuel mixtures demonstrates lower temperatures as compared to the NOx generation temperature because of high molecular hydrogen diffusion in the fuel mixture. It enhances the fuel combustion efficiency thus leading to reduced hydrocarbon and CO emissions.

The most expedient procedure is to produce synthesis-gas onboard the automobile in a the synthesis-gas generator directly from the hydrocarbon fuel that is used by the internal combustion engine.

The attempts to convert of hydrocarbon fuel (petrol) for the automobile engine were made in 1980s [1, 2]. However the lack of efficient catalysts and their carriers prevented the development of small-size synthesis-gas generators with a fast startup time.

The progress recently achieved in the field of catalyst development allowed the RAS SB Catalysis Institute to develop new catalysts and new approaches to the design of reactors for highly exothermal processes, including those for hydrocarbon conversion to synthesis-gas that were used by RFNC-VNIIEF in cooperation with RAS SB CI to develop a number of small-size converters for the selective natural gas oxidation. In 2001 in Togliatti, a group of representatives from RFNC-VNI-IEF, RAS SB CI, AutoVAZ OJSC and Togliatti State University conducted bench tests for the VAZ-2111 engine integrated with a pilot prototype of a catalytic synthesis-gas generator producing the synthesis gas from natural gas; the generator was designed by RFNC-VNI-

IEF and RAS SB CI. The tests showed the feasibility for petrol consumption in the operating engine through adding synthesis-gas to the operating mixture by 42% in idle mode and by 24% in the operation mode with P=0.2 MPa and n=2185 RPM. At the same time, a reduction of CH and NOx emission level in idle mode was observed. Note that CO release did not excess 0.2%.

The short-term tests conducted in February 2003 at NAMI (Moscow) for the M406 ICE («Volga» car) using depleted natural gas mixture with the additives of synthesis-gas produced from natural gas in the synthesis-gas generator developed by RFNC-VNIIEF and RAS SB CI also confirmed a the potential for reducing the toxic product level of exhaust gas from car engines.

The results of the experiments indicate the development feasibility of a new approach to achieve fuel cost-efficiency and to resolve the problem of harmful product reduction through ecologically safe fuel combustion in the vehicle engine.

The synthesis-gas generator developed by RFNC-VNIIEF and RAS SB CI consists of the following subsystems and devices:

— a reactor catalysis device for the production of synthesis-gas from hydrocarbon fuel ;

— a starting subsystem ;

— balancing devices providing the required heat modes ;

— monitoring and control subsystems ;

— subsystems for fuel-air mixture production and for maintaining the required fuel-air ratio.

Such onboard hydrogen-containing gas generator can find a broad application to equip both newly developed motor vehicles and to upgrade the large park of vehicles currently operated in order to increase their fuel cost-efficiency and ecological safety. Hence the device under development can find a wide commercial application in future.

References

1. A. I. Mishchenko Use of hydrogen for motor vehicle engines. Kiev. Naukova dumka. 1984.

Hydrogen transport: safety, economy

2. A. I. Mishchenko, A. V. Belogub et al. Use of hydrogen for automotive transport engines. Nuclear-hydrogen power engineering and technology. Collection of articles. Issue No. 8. M.: Energoatomizdat, 1988.

3. A. I. Zakharov, V. V. Ivankov. Combined feeding system for internal combustion engines of ecologically

pure vehicles, preferably automobiles. Russia. Patent No. 2117178.

4. A. I. Zakharov, V. V. Ivankov et al. Development of combined petrol-hydrogen feeding for improvement of the ecological characteristics of an automobile. International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology, No. 2, 2002.

ISJAEE Special issue (2003)

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