научная статья по теме ИНСТИТУТ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В УГОЛОВНО-ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРАВОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН) Государство и право. Юридические науки

Текст научной статьи на тему «ИНСТИТУТ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В УГОЛОВНО-ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРАВОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН)»

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Astanov I. R.

EXPERTISE INSTITUTE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LAW SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES)

This article deals with the analysis of the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan connected with the institution of expertise, as well as their comparative analysis with the criminal procedural legislation of foreign countries.

At the same time, the article analyzes the standards of foreign countries, which can be implemented into the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The purpose of this article is to protect human rights and freedoms and the development of the Institute of expertise by improving national legislation.

Keywords: expertise, Code of Criminal Procedure, the expert, foreign countries, expert, expertise.

Астанов И. Р.

ИНСТИТУТ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В УГОЛОВНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН (КОМПАРАТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРАВОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН)

В данной статье отражен анализ норм Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Республики Узбекистан, связанных с институтом экспертизы, а также их сравнительный анализ с уголовно-процессуальным законодательством зарубежных стран.

Вместе с этим в статье проанализированы нормы зарубежных стран, которые можно имплементировать в законодательство Республики Узбекистан.

Целью данной статьи является защита прав и свобод человека и развитие института экспертизы посредством совершенствования национального законодательства.

Ключевые слова: экспертиза, уголовно-процессуальный кодекс, эксперт, зарубежные страны, заключение эксперта, специальные знания.

Astanov I. R.

The analysis and comparison of the criminal procedure legislation of foreign countries serve to improvement of our legislation and to increase of efficiency of these norms in their application in practice. In particular, it would be expedient to begin this work with studying of the legislation of CIS countries.

In particular, 17 articles in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation1 are devoted to expertise, and they embody important aspects of this institute. The rights and duties of the expert are enshrined in one article (article 57) of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the notion of the expert and his rights and duties are stated in two separate articles (67-68 articles).

Unlike the Republic of Uzbekistan Criminal Procedure Code, in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation we do not find the reflection of the rule of law of article 70 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is devoted to refusal of the expert. In turn, improvement of article 98 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and introduction of the norm in it, according to which the person which is carrying out expertise, shouldn't participate in this case as the expert, or the expert principle shall be broken, is expedient.

In our opinion, it is necessary to add to the article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan the new article 1841, where information on the indication of the expert should be presented, as in the legislation there are gaps concerning the indication of the expert.

Proceeding from the above, new article 1841 should be stated in the following edition:

Article 1841. Penance of the expert. «The indication of the expert is the evidence, which is given for specification and an explanation of provisions of the conclusion, after its representation by the expert. The expert is warned about criminal prosecution for perjury.»

In our opinion, it will be expedient to bring the indication of the expert in a row of proofs, by addition of word «indication» in article 81 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan

1 The Criminal Procedure Code of Russian Federation [Электронный

ресурс]. — Режим доступа: www.plyushkin.fromru.com.

after the words «expert opinion». As, on a row with indications of the witness, the victim, the suspect, accused and the defendant, the indication of the expert also may be of great importance.

In case the false expert opinion is the basis to criminal liability and thus won't be mentioned the indication, our offer will serve as elimination of this problem. Because the expert, in a row with submission of the correct conclusion on criminal case, can bring law enforcement agencies in delusion by giving a false testimony.

Chapter 27 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, devoted to carrying out of judicial expertise on the contents, differs from Chapter 22 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is called «expertise». In particular, article 196 is called the bases for purpose of expertise and includes 4 bases for purpose of expertise. Even if article 173 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan is devoted to the matter, has wider contents and a form (9 bases), it doesn't meet the requirements of development tendencies of science and equipment.

Besides, the rules of the article 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation connected with participation of the investigator in judicial expertise, don't find the reflection in separate article of Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to this norm the investigator has the right to participate in judicial expertise, to observe actions of the expert, to ask interpretation of these actions and to ask the questions. And still introduction of this situation in the expert opinion is required.

And in legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the question of powers of investigator in the course of judicial expertise remains open, and it contributes delusion in judicial and investigative practice. Therefore there is a need of introduction into the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the rule of law defining powers of investigator on its participation in judicial expertise.

In the article 198 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation the rights of the witness, the victim, the suspect accused both the defendant to carry out expertise are established.

Astanov I. R.

Unfortunately, in our legislation the rule of law on the matter doesn't cover the right of the victim and the witness.

In our opinion, it limits possibilities of the victim and the witness on fulfillment of this right, and we consider that is expedient introduction of the rights of the victim and the witness to destination and to carrying out expertise. Because all participants of criminal trial have equal opportunities.

The article 199 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is devoted to transfer of materials of criminal case to expertise and to compliance with this norm, the head of establishment has the right to return case papers and objects of research in case of insufficiency of the data transferred to the expert. It is necessary to point out that rules of this norm are established in different articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Except this rule of carrying out commission expertise are reflected in the article 200 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, and rules of carrying out complex expertise are regulated by the article 201 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. It testifies that the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation has the logically correctly constructed structure that in turn serves for convenient application of norms, increases the efficiency of criminally procedural legislation concerning this institute.

In the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of the rule of carrying out expertise come to an end with articles about the expert opinion (article 204 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation) and interrogation of the expert (art. 205 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation). Article 204 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation define contents of the expert opinion, article 205 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation establishes not carrying out interrogation without submission of the expert opinion. Entering of these norms into our legislation is expedient and demanded.

Proceeding from the above it should be noted that norms of the expertise regulating institute are established in more systematized order, and it is possible to use some ideas of the Russian law in the domestic legislation for improvement of this institute.

In the Criminal Procedure Code of Estonia2 the relations connected with expertise are settled in 13 articles. In particular, Art. 58 of this law is called «Expertise», where the bases of purpose of expertise and a condition of carrying out expertise are reflected. The Art. 59 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Estonia deals with the expert and the expert opinion. This norm opens concept of the expert, value and an order of its making the conclusion; the Art. 60, where the rights and duties of the expert are presented, has general idea and not completely governs given the relations.

In particular, obligations of the expert are concluded only upon arrival on request of the investigator or the judge, and also criminal prosecution for making the false conclusion. The rights of the expert are reflected by only four parts.

Chapters 16 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which also is called expertise, contains article 156, devoted to an order of purpose of expertise. According to this article, in need of carrying out expertise, the investigator adopts the resolution on purpose of expertise in which specifies the bases of its carrying out. According to the second part of this article, expertise can also be carried out before initiation of legal proceedings.

The article 157 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Estonia is devoted to the rights of the suspect or accused a

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