научный журнал по геофизике Лед и снег ISSN: 2076-6734

ИВАНОВ Б.В. — 2007 г.

Рассмотрена связь альбедо арктического морского льда с его загрязненностью и разрушенностью, приведены экспериментальные оценки альбедо загрязненного льда.

2007

КОЧЛАМАЗАШВИЛИ Н.Г., ЦОМАЯ В.Ш. — 2007 г.

Характеризуются пределы изменения общих, адвективных и конвективных осадков, поверхностного стока и испарения; дана новая схема их расчета.

ФЕДОРОВ В.М. — 2007 г.

Рассматривается роль приливного фактора в формировании и динамике снежных лавин.The astronomical system of time keeping, whose physical base is a gravitational interaction, is used on the mountain slopes for investigation of unstable snow conditions. The calendar dates of avalanching are studied in the characteristics of ecliptical latitude of the Moon. The effect of the small disturbances is a result of tidal interactions between the Moon and the Earth in the avalanching dynamics. This fact is one of the avalanching factors. On the base of the investigations of the avalanching dynamics in connection with moon position relatively the plane of ecliptic, the possibility of long-range prediction of avalanche danger is supposed.

КОТЛЯКОВ В.М., ЛЕЙЧЕНКОВ Г.Л., МАСОЛОВ В.Н., МОСКАЛЕВСКИЙ М.Ю., ПОПОВ С.В., ХАРИТОНОВ В.В. — 2007 г.

Обсуждаются первые результаты нового проекта ABRIS и приводятся карты мощности ледникового покрова и коренного рельефа обширной территории Восточной Антарктиды.The new bedrock topography map has been compiled for the central region of East Antarctica using ice thickness data available in the BEDMAP Project data base and new information obtained after 2000 by the Russian Antarctic Expedition (when the BEDMAP product finished). Moreover, airborne radio-echo sounding data acquired during the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions (before 1992) between Enderby Land and the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and recorded on films have been revised and reinterpreted. This work allowed imaging of the improved bedrock topography for this area. Unlike the previously published bedrock topography map produced by the BEDMAP Project, the new map shows real bathymetry of Lake Vostok and some earlier not recognized morphological features of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and area to the north of them.

КОТЛЯКОВ В.М., МОСКАЛЕВСКИЙ М.Ю., ХРОМОВА Т.Е. — 2007 г.

Обсуждаются структура, содержание и методы создания базы данных по мониторингу краевой части Антарктического ледникового покрова.

СОЛОВЬЯНОВА И.Ю., ТРЕТЬЯКОВ М.В. — 2007 г.

Приведены результаты измерений толщины и плотности снега на водосборах рек Грён и Альдегонда и определены снегозапасы.General regularities of snow cover distribution were identified from snow surveys in April-May, 2003 on catch ments of Aldegonda and Grøn rivers (West Spitsbergen). Based on conditions of snow cover deposition, the Aldegonda River catchment is divided into two parts: gla cier and moraine. Relatively even distribution of snow den sity over the area, and increase of its thickness towards the glacier margins up to two meters and more is characteristic of the glacier. On moraine snow density and thickness are distributed very unevenly what is related with relief rough ness of this part of catchment. In the Grøn River basin a general trend of increase of snow thickness and its density from its head towards its mouth is observed.

КОНДРАТЬЕВА Н.В., КУМУКОВА О.А. — 2007 г.

По данным наблюдений в бассейне р. Баксан рассчитаны коэффициенты селе- вой активности и селевой денудации для каждого ее селевого притока.On the base of empirical data received for the Baksan river (northern slope of Central Caucasus) for the period of 1953-2002 the coefficients of mud-flow activity and mudflow denudation for each mud-flow stream are calculated. Classification of mud-flow basins with different mud-flow activity is made and empirical functions of those activity from the area of mud-flow basin are received and can be used for calculation of mud-flow risk of the territory.

ГЕНСИОРОВСКИЙ Ю.В. — 2007 г.

Изложены принципы определения максимальных снегозапасов на основе ландшафтно индикационных свойств снежного покрова и результаты расчетов их величин разными способами.

ПАТТЭН Ф., РЫБАК О., ХЁБРЕХТС Ф., ШТАЙНХАГЕ Д. — 2007 г.

Описан численный эксперимент, выполненный на основе региональной модели динамики льда для окрестностей станции Конен на Земле Королевы Мод в Антарктиде. Обсуждаются метод постэкспериментальной обработки данных и реконструированные характеристики потока льда.

ПАТТЭН Ф., РЫБАК О., ХЁБРЕХТС Ф., ШТАЙНХАГЕ Д. — 2007 г.

Рассмотрены методологические аспекты реконструкции нестационарной динамики потока льда в области 600Ч400 км на Земле Королевы Мод в Антарктиде с помощью региональной математической модели.

ГЛАЗОВСКАЯ Т.Г., СЕЛИВЕРСТОВ Ю.Г., ТАРЕЕВА А.М., ТРОШКИНА Е.С. — 2007 г.

Рассмотрены основные факторы лавинообразования на территории Азии в полосе 30-40° с.ш.Evaluation of avalanche regime of lowly studied high mountains territories were made with the help of GIS. Peculiarities of avalanche formation in the warm subtropical regions of Asia are revealed. In subtropics, the disastrous avalanches happen in the zone of rare snowfalls and unstable snow cover; that is why on a considerable territory the dangerous avalanche period is larger then the duration of stable snow cover. More then 80% of disastrous avalanches are connected with meridian form of atmospheric circulation according to typification of B.L. Dzerdzievsky. More often (25% of total amount) the disastrous avalanches are descended during the ECM 13z period. The main reason of avalanches collapse is snow falls.

СУПРУНЕНКО Ю.П. — 2007 г.

Рассмотрены разные виды экотуризма и даны характеристики некоторых гор- ных национальных парков.Eco-tourism is actively developed in high lands up to nival-glacial zone. Recreational glaciological resourses are the object of eco-tourism, and, first of all, in national parks (zone of intensive and extensive recreation - buffer and difficult-to-access one), but every park has a specific profile, its oron eco-recreational fase and eco-touristic component. They can be use as a characteristic of park classification, as well as a terrain morphostructure. Glaciological objects are the most attractive features for tourists in high-mountain. The international status might be assigned to the most outstanding ones, and the republic ( regional) status - to the less significaut objects. In general, the effective recreational development in mountains requires to take into account glaciological features.

ЕПИФАНОВ В.П. — 2007 г.

По результатам лабораторных испытаний в термодинамических условиях, характерных для глубинных слоев Антарктического ледникового покрова, исследован переход льда из упругого в сверхпластическое состояние и рассмотрены механизмы деформирования и разрушения пресноводного льда в зависимости от условий нагружения.Laws of deformation changes of structure of fresh ice are established depending on conditions test. Visualization of the script of accumulation defects is received for a case of destruction at cave-in flat round by way of a stamp. The set of stamps in diameter from 1 up to 20 mm is applied. New effects are revealed: pilar the mechanism of contact destruction of ice, formation of a ring crack, communication of the scale factor with an element of structure of ice is established. The new way of calculation of viscosity of destruction is offered, work of destruction and the energy spent for formation of a crack is appreciated.

ГОЛУБЕВ В.Н. — 2007 г.

Формирование высокольдистых горизонтов и пластовых залежей льда на арктическом побережье рассматривается как результат воздействия прибрежных гидродинамических процессов на уровень грунтовых вод во время общей трансгрессии моря и похолодания климата.The genesis and mechanism of the tabular ice for mation in Arctic seas shore are discussion subject. The field studies in the area of the White Sea show close cor relation between the ground water level and the periodic oscillation of the sea level. This allows considering the processes related to coastal hydrodynamics as one of the basic factors of additional moisture of ground and forma tion of tabular ice near Arctic seas. Physical modeling of the onedimensional ground freezing show that a periodic ground water rise in a porous (waterpermeable) frozen ground under a frozen (notpermeable for water) layer leads to increase in the ice content of the ground and forms an ice horizon.

АНАНИЧЕВА М.Д., КОНОНОВА Н.К. — 2007 г.

Проанализировано влияние элементарных циркуляционных механизмов (ЭЦМ) на состояние баланса массы ледников и корреляции ЭЦМ с летними температурами и осадками холодного периода; выделены селеопасные и лавиноопасные ЭЦМ.

ЗИМНИЦКИЙ А.В. — 2007 г.

Охарактеризовано современное состояние и проанализирована динамика крупных приледниковых озер района, рассмотрены возможные механизмы их прорыва.Periglacial lakes in the Baksan river valley are classi fied as outburst dangerous, potentially outburst-danger ous and non outburst dangerous. At present two lakes (Bashkara and Azau) are known to be of real danger with regard to dam outburst and formation of catastrophic gla cial floods and mud flows. Possible mechanisms of out burst of periglacial lakes depending on genesis of pond have been investigated. The main principle of analysis of the present-day state of outburst-dangerous lakes is geoinformation modelling with creation of digital models of a location and identification of critical parameters and characteristics of periglacial lakes dams.

ГОРБУНОВ Ю.А., ДЫМЕНТ Л.Н., ЛОСЕВ С.М. — 2007 г.

На основе анализа многолетних материалов ледовой авиационной разведки и спутниковой информации выявлены особенности распространения стамух и даны некоторые их характеристики.

ОСОКИН Н.И., ПУГАЧЕВА Е.С., СОСНОВСКИЙ А.В. — 2007 г.

Представлены результаты оценки состояния грунтов при изменении метеопараметров по данным наблюдений в 2005 и 2006 гг.The changes in permafrost are estimate in view of change of meteorological elements in the area of Bellinsgausen Station, Antarctica. The analyses of variability of air temperature, precipitations, wind velocities and other meteorological parameters are given for the last 10 years. For that period the summer temperatures and solid precipitations are diminished. Calculations show that degradation of permafrost under the modern climatic conditions does not occur. The formation of a talik in permafrost can begin when the mean summer air temperature grows up to 2,6С.

ЕРОХИН С.А., УСУБАЛИЕВ Р.А. — 2007 г.

Рассмотрены особенности формирования и развития ледниковых озер Тянь- Шаня в условиях современного потепления климата, дана типизация леднико- вых озер с учетом их прорывоопасности.Degradation of glaciers induced by modern climate warning influenced very much on the evolution of glacier lakes. The article observes some features of formation and evolution of glacial lakes in Tien Shan and gives an attempt of dam lakes typification. Glacial and morain-glacial lakes are related to the waning ice. The structure of glacial type is divided into lakes located on the glacier surface, intraglacier and damed lakes. Morain-glacial type is divided into lakes of intramorain depressions and thermokarst funnels. In their turn, lakes of intramorain depressions are divided into three types: 1) lake baths, formed near the glacier tongue directly, 2) lake baths, with waning glaciers, and 3) lake baths occasionally filled with water.