DOI: 10.12731/wsd-2014-9.3-6 UDC 930.1
THE GENESIS OF THE DOMESTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL EDUCATION OF THE SOVIET ARMY STAFF OF THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1991) AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Bobkova E.Yu.
Objective: statement of research results of dynamics of an increment in historical knowledge on a problem ofpolitical education of the military personnel during the post-war period (1945-1991) in domestic historical science.
Methodology of work performace: research is carried out in the problem and chronological sense, with the application of cliometric methods of the historical and historiographic narrative material studying. Not only general scientific but also special and historical, historiographic and source study research methods are used.
Results: the main research results are determination of the analyzed historiographic stage characteristics.
Application scope of results: research results can be used in pursuance of complex military historiographic researches and also when conducting researches in other military history branches.
Keywords: historiography; political education, Soviet army, post-war period, domestic historical science, military history.
ГЕНЕЗИС ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ ЛИЧНОГО СОСТАВА СОВЕТСКОЙ АРМИИ ПОСЛЕВОЕННОГО ПЕРИОДА (1945-1991 г.) НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ
Бобкова Е.Ю.
Цель: изложение результатов исследования динамики приращения исторических знаний по проблеме политического воспитания военнослужащих в послевоенный период (194-1991) в отечественной исторической науке.
Методология проведения работы: исследование выполнено в проблемно-хронологическом ключе, с применением клиометрических методов изучения исторического и историографического нарративного материала. Использованы как общенаучные, так и специально-исторические, историографические и источниковедческие методы исследования.
Результаты: основными результатами исследования является выявление характерных черт анализируемого историографического этапа.
Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть использованы в проведении комплексных военных историографических исследований, а так же - при проведении исследований в иных отраслях военной истории.
Ключевые слова: историография; политическое воспитание, Советская армия, послевоенный период, отечественная историческая наука, военная история.
Introduction
Studying of the process of accumulation and increment of historical knowledge on a subject of political education of the Soviet army staff during the post-war period, carried out in the format of a problem and thematic historiography, is actual for a modern stage of domestic historical science development for a number of grounds. The effective system of political education of the military personnel is one of the fundamental elements of ensuring fighting capacity of the country. In the 90th years of the XX century of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation received "a destructive informa-
tion attack" [1, p. 81] therefore now "we have to define perspective ideology of armies [...] development, clearly designate their objectives and tasks...". [1, p. 85]. The understanding of such situation is promoted by the appeal to historical experience, including the historiographic generalizations. The ideological military concept is inseparably linked with educational work in armies [2] therefore the understanding of historical experience at the level of historiographic generalizations promotes effective activity in the field of development and deployment of new conceptual approaches. It should be noted that at the beginning of the XXI century the dialectically inconsistent situation was formed in the domestic historical science caused on the one hand by the "crisis of domestic historical science", [3] on the other hand by the development of methodological pluralism in the researches not protecting from "sometimes taking place distortions" [4] of the historical reality.
The subject relevance amplifies in connection with its insufficient readiness, absence of the large special generalizing scientific works on it that demands historiographic development of a problem within new conceptual approaches.
The research objective is the multifold analysis of the processes of scientific knowledge formation on a problem of political education of the Soviet army staff in 1945-1991, a quantitative and qualitative state of a domestic historiography, its main tendencies and further prospects.
Materials and research methods. The source base of the research is collections of documents and materials, sources of personal nature, periodicals; research and scientific reference books, documents of the Soviet state governing bodies. The numerous group of sources is made by works of the domestic historians among which the most important works are works of generalizing fundamental kind. The research is executed in a problem and chronological key with application of the cliometric methods of the historical and historiographic narrative material studying. The work is based on the integration of the modern and classical methodological principles of research: cliodescriptive analysis, principles of historicism and objectivity, principle of a historical context, principles of historical tolerance and critical evaluation.
The research methodology includes both general scientific and special and historical, historiographic and source study research methods.
The research results and their discussion. The use of problem and chronological approach allowed the author to allocate the following key periods in the research (see fig. 1) and to formulate the results directed on the further deepening of the stated problem studying.
Fig. 1. Periodization of the studied problem
In the period of "The late Stalinism" and "The Khrushchev Thaw" the problem studying developed increasingly. Certainly the time of the Khrushchev Thaw became more fruitful here than in the first post-war decade. In the first post-war decade scientists [5,6,7] seriously tried to comprehend the new phenomena in the life of the Armed Forces of the USSR that appeared in connection with their shift from peace to the martial law. It found repercussions also in the research of the whole complex of problems of party and political work [8]. The authors strictly adhered to the directive sets of the Communist Party governing in the country on problems of studying of the Soviet army history. The democratic assumptions of the "Khrushchev Thaw" times couldn't cancel this research stereotype [9]. In more detail the analysis of historical and historiographic sources of this period is presented in author's
publications on a studied problem [9,10], in the research of Morunov VA., [11] Yefremov V.Ya. [4], Azarova A.V, Galdobina S.V. [12] and others.
During the reanimation of Stalin approaches in the Soviet historical science the nature of researches was predetermined substantially by the fact that the Brezhnev's paradigm allowed only dosed criticism of the public phenomena, thus the majority of works [13,14,15,16] tend to unification, thanks to rigid determination of their architectonics adjusted to aprioristic schemes and sets made by the official ideologists of the Central Committees of CPSU. It doesn't exclude, however, emergence of the original fragments in certain works which haven't lost relevance even for the present [17].
During the period of "the late Soviet historiography" quite considerable group of works was published. This group covering all range of problems of party and political work fully enough represents also a problem of activity of the public authorities and military management on political education of the Armed Forces staff of the USSR in the conditions of a peace time. Their detailed characteristic is presented in author's publications on a studied problem [9,10], in the researches of Yefremov VYa. [4], Morunov V.A., [11], and others.
The main attention in the analysis of the problem of activity of the public authorities and military management on problems of political education in the Armed Forces of the USSR in a peace time is concentrated on a subject of the further strengthening of military discipline and a law order [18,19, 20], and in the majority a key of researches is historical and party. And if, that was noted above, in the theory of political education target researches began to appear but it's the activity aspect of a problem that didn't receive complex target scientific development.
During the period of rise, formation and establishment of new approaches in domestic historical science new opportunities for studying of a considered problem at qualitatively new level were opened [21, 22, 23, 24, 25]. During the Post-Soviet period there was a refusal of a historical and party key of research, but also the problem faded into the background.
At the beginning of the XXI century despite emergence of a large number of scientific artifacts presented in complex historical and historiographic
researches [4, 10,11, 26, 27] having both direct and the mediated relation to the considered problem, it didn't find complete historical and actually historiographic understanding.
Conclusion
Noting the achievements of domestic historiography in research of the analysed subject of activity of government bodies on political education of the military personnel, meanwhile, it is impossible, as the author believes, to recognize it comprehensively studied today. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of the development of the following problem aspects: the critical analysis from positions of modern vision of theoretic-methodological bases of a subject of the problem history and improvement of its concept; structuring of a conceptual framework; research of existing "gaps".
References
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