Архив научных статейиз журнала «Геоморфология»
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МОРФОСТРУКТУРНАЯ ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЮЖНОГО ФЛАНГА АДЕНСКОГО РИФТА
ЛУКАШОВ А.А. — 2013 г.
The southern margin of the eastern Gulf of Aden crops out in the Socotra Islands and Somalia, with the continuation of continental crust eastwards from the Horn of Africa. The Socotra Islands are situated on the “Socotra Platform” – a block of granite basement of which the northeastern part – the Haggier mountains – dominates the Socotra Island. The morphostructural evolution of Aden rift southern flank during last millions of years includes: 1. The progressive gravity-tectonic subsidence of hinged blocks of “Socotrian Platforms” northern border. 2. Activization of NE- and NW-oriented faults of high amplitudes; that activization has provoked the archipelago land and shelf fracturing into separate blocks. 3. Detachment of the archipelago from the Horn of Africa as a result of development of NW oriented graben Guardafuy.
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НАГОРНЫЕ СВОДОВЫЕ И ГЛЫБОВЫЕ ОРОГЕНЫ КОНТИНЕНТОВ
УФИМЦЕВ Г.Ф. — 2013 г.
Neotectonic arched and block uplands are characterized by general uprise and have no intermountain basins and other inner depressions. These landforms have dimensions of structural zones, they are of arched, block, or charriage-thrust origin, occur in the young mountain belts, may be rejuvenated, regenerated or platform formations. Their origin sometimes may be accompanied by volcanism, but the leading role belongs to isostasy, lateral compression of the lithosphere, lifting of the rift shoulders on the shelf. Arched uplands often have sustained development through epochs of tectonic activity and denudation fl attening.
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НОВЕЙШАЯ ТЕКТОНИКА МАНЫЧСКОЙ ДЕПРЕССИИ
МАКШАЕВ Р.Р., СВИТОЧ А.А. — 2013 г.
In the Pleistocene Manych Trough experienced sustained subsidence of 40–50 m amplitude at a speed of 0.1 mm/year, the most active in its central part. Among the local structures of the trough Manych Gudulovskaya depression and Zunda-Tolga rise were the most dynamic. The highest neotectonic activity took place at the end of Early, middle of the Middle and middle of the Late Pleistocene. Holocene and recent neotectonic movements were less active, possibly due to the short duration of these periods.
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НОВОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ УЧЕБНОГО ПОСОБИЯ ПО ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИИ. БОЛТРАМОВИЧ С.Ф., ЖИРОВ А.И., ЛАСТОЧКИН А.Н., ЛОПАТИН Д.В., МУСАТОВ Ю.Е. ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЯ. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ. М.: АКАДЕМИЯ, 2011. 464 С
ГРИГОРЬЕВ АЛ.А., ПАРАНИНА Г.Н. — 2013 г.
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ОПЕЧАТКИ В СТ. ЕВЗЕРОВА В.Я. (№ 4, 2012)
2013
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ОПЫТ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНОВОЙ МОРФОДИНАМИКИ ПЛАКОРОВ СЕВЕРНОГО ПРИАЗОВЬЯ (КЛЮЧЕВОЙ УЧАСТОК МЕЛЕКИНО, ДОНЕЦКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ УКРАИНЫ)
ВЕЛИЧКО А.А., КОНСТАНТИНОВ Е.А. — 2013 г.
The loess-soil series structure of Melekino test site was studied in detail in the coastal outcrop and the drill profile. It is possible to reveal specific features of watershed morphodynamics in the Northern Azov region since the Muchkap time (MIS 13, ~ 470-500 kyr). The position of paleosols and textural features of deposits indicate leading role of loess accumulation in the development of watersheds relief before the Valdai glacial epoch. Intensity of denudation was a relatively low at the time. Stage of unique denudation intensity was diagnosed for the Valdai glacial epoch (as follows from indirect data, to its end MIS 2, ~ 29-12 kyr). The denudation resulted in the development of linear erosion and slope processes even on gentle slopes (2-4 degrees). Analysis of paleosol deformations revealed the specific of watersheds relief evolution during the transitions from interglacial to glacial epochs. We determined that early stages of glacial epochs were characterized by sharp intensification of processes of arid and cryo-arid types. These processes led to the formation of specific micro-knobby surface.
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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕГРАДАЦИИ ОСТАШКОВСКОГО ЛЕДНИКОВОГО ПОКРОВА В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ЧУДСКОПСКОВСКОЙ НИЗМЕННОСТИ
КАРПУХИНА Н.В. — 2013 г.
The model of the Ostashkov ice sheet degradation was created оn the basis of geomorphologic and GIS analyses. The model was made for Chudsko-Pskovskaya lowland, for the Luga (Haanja) – Neva (Pandivere) stages. Frontal type of deglaciation was proved for lowland properly and the areal type – for surrounding uplands. Numerous evidences of specific glaciomorphologic complexes of marginal formations helped analyzing ice sheet dynamics. The absolute ages were calculated for Pskov (15 000–15 100 BP) and Remda phases (14 400–14 300 BP), both belonging to the Luga stage. Based on spatial analysis of coastal landforms within the Russian Federation, proglacial lake levels were determined. For the Pskov stage it was made for the first time.
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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИНАМИКИ СЕЛЕВЫХ ГЕОСИСТЕМ НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОДЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ СРЕДНЕ-И НИЗКОГОРИЙ БАССЕЙНА ТЕБЕРДЫ
ВОСКОВА А.В., КАРАВАЕВ В.А. — 2013 г.
Anthropogenic mudflow landscape in the Teberda river valley and avalanche-mudflow landscape of the Gonachkhira river valley are described. Mudflow activity at both sites depends mainly on summer cyclones, carrying warmth and precipitation. This influence is especially strong in Gonachkhira valley, where precipitation is heavier. Rapid and different changes are characteristic to landscape of this site. Large mudflow took place in 2004, several micro-mudflows in 2008, and avalanches in 2009-2010. These events each time changed young small forest composition and cover sediment layer. Mudflows in the Lower Teberda site occur on the surface dump of old coalpit. This highly erodible ground undergone heavy washout by melt, rain, and mine water. Rapid alternation of erosion and accumulation lead to high changeability of micro- and mesorelief.
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ОТРАЖЕНИЕ РЕЛЬЕФА В ТОПОНИМИКЕ И КОГНИТИВНОМ ВОСПРИЯТИИ ГОРОДСКОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДОВ ЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ)
ХАРЧЕНКО С.В. — 2013 г.
Of 4100 names in the 5 largest cities of Chernozem'e (Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Tambov) related to landforms (morphogodonims) the maximum number is in Kursk (3.8% of total street number), the minimum number – in Belgorod (0.9%), though the territory of the latter has the most complex morphology. It indicates an absence of correlation between relief complexity and morphogodonims frequency in the cities which differ historically and administratively. Morphogodonims are situated by the most part in the places with prominent relief. In the large towns of Chernozem'e there is a tendency for the morphogodonims to disappear: the new streets aren't named by relief features and old names are frequently changed to new ones not related to land surface morphology.
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ОЦЕНКА РУСЛОВОЙ И БАССЕЙНОВОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ ЭРОЗИИ И СТОКА ВЗВЕШЕННЫХ НАНОСОВ В РЕЧНЫХ БАССЕЙНАХ
ГУСАРОВ А.В. — 2013 г.
Sheet, rivulet, and gully erosion form the basin runoff. A new hydrological method of basin and riverbed components of erosion assessment is proposed. The method is based on functional dependence: ri=АэрIQ^l, where ri and Q - monthly averages water suspended sediments (SS) runoff, Аэр - empirical complex erosion coefficient, I - slope of riverbed, u - power coefficient. This dependence was obtained for drought periods in different years with different low water runoff and was extrapolated on other phases of hydrological regime. This extrapolation allows calculating riverbed and basin components of SS runoff in its bulk multiyear average. Data of more than ten years observation on 124 small and average rivers of East European Plain, the Urals, East Carpathian, Cis-Caucasus, mountains of Middle Asia were used. The average share of riverbed erosion and SS runoff was shown to be 8.8±1.6% with minimum of 6.3±2.3% in the low mountain rivers and maximum of 11.8±3.9% in the plain river basins.
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ПАЛЕОГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗА АЛЛЮВИАЛЬНЫХ РОССЫПЕЙ ЗОЛОТА НА ДАЛЬНЕМ ВОСТОКЕ РОССИИ (К 100-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ С.С. ВОСКРЕСЕНСКОГО)
БРЕДИХИН А.В., ВОСКРЕСЕНСКИЙ И.С., КАРЕВСКАЯ И.А., ЛЕБЕДЕВА Е.В., ШУБИН Г.А. — 2013 г.
In the years 1976–1993 the disciples S.S. Voskresensky according to his ideas made a detailed reconstruction of river valleys evolution history for Western Priokhotje, Lower Amur region and Amur-Zeya plain. It was established that in each climatic epoch, these areas had comprised one landscape type with poor vegetation cover differentiation. The correlation of accumulation and incision stages in valleys with climate continentalization and humidization was found. The stages of river valleys formation during Plio-Pleistocene, including alternation of accumulation and incision, are generally synchronous within the studied region. Processing of transitional Plio- Pleistocene gold-bearing reservoirs produced the most favorable conditions of placers formation. Such conditions existed at the places of inherited river valley development in the mountains and at the places of sugarloaf and caldron topography with minimal value (< 30 m) of erosional downcutting on the plains.
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ПЕРВЫЙ ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АТЛАС АНТАРКТИДЫ. АНТАРКТИКА. ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АТЛАС. СПБ.: ЗАО "КАРТА", 2011. 256 С
ЧИЧАГОВ В.П. — 2013 г.
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ПОГРЕБЕННЫЙ КАРСТОВЫЙ РЕЛЬЕФ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ ВОСТОЧНО-ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ РАВНИНЫ
ЛУКАШОВ А.А., ШАРАПОВ С.В. — 2013 г.
Karst and erosion were the dominant geomorphologic processes on the territory of the central part of East-European Plain before the beginning of the Ice Ages. The landscapes of pre-Quaternary age reflect the diversity of landforms of appropriate origin. Their investigation is based upon the drilling data. Karst processes were prevalent on the surfaces with carbonate substratun. Erosion was typical for the areas with considerable thickness of terrigenous sediments. During the period of 360 Ma relief of the central part of East-European Plain was forming in different ways. Shelf sedimentation was typical for the thalassic periods: carbonaceous in Palaeozoic and terrigenous in Mesozoic. Karst and erosion processes were developing with different rates due to sediment's peculiarity during the geocratic periods. Tropical karst process was vastly spread on the territory under study until the sea transgression of the Late Jurassic. Terrigenous clayey and sandy deposits had no influence on the intensity of karst process. Erosion processes began to dominate after Cretaceous sea regression. Data concerning areas of distribution of pre-Quaternary buried landforms of karst and erosion origin allow defining seven regions in the central part of East-European Plain.
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ПРИРОДНАЯ И АНТРОПОГЕННАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЛАНДШАФТОВ И РЕЛЬЕФА КУРШСКОЙ И ВИСЛИНСКОЙ КОС
ВОЛКОВА И.И., ШАПЛЫГИНА Т.В. — 2013 г.
Landscapes of Curonian and Vistula spits have been formed throughout the last several hundred years under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors and represent eolian coastal-marine type. The methodology of assessment of digression levels in natural complexes is based on complex component-wise analysis of 15 categorized indicators covering various aspects of natural and anthropogenic genesis. The analysis of natural complexes digression of the Curonian and Vistula spits led to the following differentiation: I stage of digression was found in 55% and 52% accordingly; II stage – in 38% and 27%; III stage – in 6% and 20%; IV and V stage – in about 1% of the areas.
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ПРИРОДНЫЕ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ НАПРЯЖЕННОСТИ ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ АНД
ЛЕБЕДЕВА Е.В. — 2013 г.
Tension (or intensity) of geomorphological system is its inclination to be in the state of instability, out of balance. It corresponds to high probability of catastrophic processes realization. The intensity of geomorphic processes in the Andes is determined by tectonic activity, volcanism, deeply dissected topography, high precipitation, seismicity, significant human impact. Most extensive geomorphologic disasters of the region are usually due to the superposition and interaction of the number of extreme processes.
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РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПОВТОРНОГО ЭХОЛОТИРОВАНИЯ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО УЧАСТКА ШЕЛЬФА ЧЕРНОГО МОРЯ
ЕВСЮКОВ Ю.Д., РУДНЕВ В.И. — 2013 г.
On the outer continental shelf of a northwest part of the Black Sea the detailed researches of bottom relief were fulfilled on two ranges. Bathymetric and geomorphological maps, schemes and survey profiles of a bottom surface were compiled. Shelf edge, submarine valleys and deltas of the Dnieper, Dniester, and other rivers, steps of the terraces formed during the sea regressions (80-100 and 130-140 m below sea level), rills and ridges are the most prominent forms. In the N-Q stage bottom relief formation was governed in the first place by neotectonic movements, and also by accumulation, abrasion, and erosion.
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РЕЧНЫЕ ДОЛИНЫ И РЕЧНЫЕ РУСЛА (ОПЫТ СОВМЕСТИМОЙ ТИПИЗАЦИИ)
ЧЕРНОВ А.В. — 2013 г.
The new typification of river valleys is put forward, wherein the morphological types of river valleys are determined by riverbed processes, shaping these valleys. Thus a possibility arises of combination of river valleys' typification and riverbeds classification (according to R.S. Chalov), and, consequently, of compiling the integrated characteristics of riverbeds and river valleys in general. There are the river valleys without flood-plain and with narrow ones with incised riverbeds, box-shape and U-shape valleys with adapted riverbeds, and terraced valleys with wide floodplains.
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РОЛЬ МОСКОВСКОЙ ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ В НАУЧНЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯХ АКАДЕМИКА Б.А. БУДАГОВА
МАМЕДОВА Ф.В., ХАЛИЛОВ Г.А. — 2013 г.
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САМООРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ФЛЮВИАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ФЛЮВИАЛЬНЫЕ КАТАСТРОФЫ НА АЛТАЕ
ПАНИН А.В. — 2013 г.
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СЕЙСМОАКТИВНЫЕ МОРФОСТРУКТУРЫ ВОСТОКА ЕВРАЗИИ
КУЛАКОВ А.П., ХУДЯКОВ Г.И. — 2013 г.
The comparison of materials of morphostructural and paleoseismogeological investigations for the East of Eurasia was made. As a result the series of previously unknown seismoactive morphostructures, morphostructural zones and regions were discovered. These data testify to the more high level of seismic danger in this region than it was considered earlier. Therefore, a compiling new maps of seismic zoning on the morphostructural– paleoseismogeological base as well as actions for people and economy protection from possible strong earthquakes are the most actual now.