Архив научных статейиз журнала «Средние века»
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ДОХРИСТИАНСКИЕ ВЕРОВАНИЯ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ СКАНДИНАВИИ (ЧАСТЬ 1-Я)
СВАНИДЗЕ АДА АНАТОЛЬЕВНА — 2007 г.
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ЕРЕСЬ ИЛИ КОЛДОВСТВО? ДЕМОНОЛОГИЯ XV ВЕКА НА ПРОЦЕССЕ ЖАННЫ Д'АРК 160 A.A. КОТОМИНА КОЛАР МАНСЬОН. ИЗДАТЕЛЬ XV ВЕКА В ПОИСКАХ СВОЕГО ЧИТАТЕЛЯ
ТОГОЕВА ОЛЬГА ИГОРЕВНА — 2007 г.
L'article est consacré aux problèmes de la démonologie médiévale et de son influence sur le procès de Jeanne d'Arc de 1431. L'auteur de l'article étudie les différences théologiques entre deux crimes religieux - la sorcellerie et l'hérésie - pour comprendre pourquoi la fama de Jeanne d'Arc (considerée comme une sorcière par ses adversaires dès le début de sa carrière politique) n'a pas influencé son arrêt définitif. De point de vue de l'auteur, la raison principale de la decision des juges de Rouen se cache dans la perception de la sorcellerie en France du XVe siècle. Tenu pour la fiction par les théologiens de l'Université de Paris, elle était reconnue comme une sorte de l'hérésie. La lettré de l'Université envoyée à Rouen a forcé les juges locaux (qui consideraient la sorcellerie comme un crime «en soi») à changer leur avis. Jeanne a été condamnée comme une hérétique.
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ЖЕНСКОЕ БОГОСЛОВИЕ В ПОЗДНЕСРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ АНГЛИИ И ЕГО ЧАСТНЫЙ СЛУЧАЙ "КНИГА МАРДЖЕРИ КЕМП" (ЧАСТЬ 1-Я)
ДРЕСВИНА ЮЛИЯ ЮРЬЕВНА — 2007 г.
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ИДЕЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБЩНОСТИ У ВИЗАНТИЙЦЕВ: ГРЕКО-ЛАТИНСКИЕ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ
ВИН ЮРИЙ ЯКОВЛЕВИЧ — 2007 г.
This article contains an analysis of the concepts used by the Byzantines to express the idea of community. The author considers some important notions, such as koinonia, koinotis, 'omas-'omadas, etc., which are compared with their Latin prototypes in Byzantine law to reveal a sense of the idea of community and its perception by the Byzantines
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ИНСТИТУТ «LIBERATIO» В АНГЛО-НОРМАНДСКОМ КОРОЛЕВСТВЕ: К ВОПРОСУ О СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМА ЗАВОЕВАТЕЛЯ-
КАСАТОВ АНДРЕЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ — 2007 г.
The present paper deals with a peculiar institution of the land law in Anglo-Norman England, usually called «liberatio», whether substantive forms «liberatio», «liberator» are mentioned or the verbal expressions «liberare», «liberata (um) esse» are used. There is a ground to suppose that «liberatio» represents a species of «seisin», a form of transferring the property rights, performed by the king. There are many examples of «lib-eratio» preserved in the Domesday Book (DB). One can notice the granted land is settled by some «liberi homines» or «sochemanni» since the time of the king Edward. Our documents stress often the fact that such freemen can grant, sale or go with their land where they wish. In other words, their property rights were in some degree similar to alodial ones. That is why, as the terminology of local courts demonstrates, the verb «liberare» would be used in the special sense «to grant the land settled by the freemen or sokemen». Meanwhile, the king's chancellery used to apply the term «liberare» in broad meaning «to set someone free from somewhat». It were the clerks of the local courts who applied the word «liberare» in the special sense of recognizing Anglo-Saxons' status as enjoying certain public rights. As the formulas in DB attest, it was the king's writ that took a predominant place in performing the «liberatio». Otherwise, someone was seised of the estate (fuit saisitus) through the king's livery (per liberationem regis) or by his representatives called «liberator regis». The latter is sometimes called also «legatus (ex parte regis). The idea of «liberatio» was akin to the Anglo-Saxon practice, for some documents in the DB where «liberator», seal or the king's writ are mentioned, refer to the time of the king Edward. The Norman noblemen granted with such a land seem possible to have acquired particular social and political position in a certain region. They took place of mediators between the king and the free Anglo-Saxons. Sometimes the «liberatio» aimed to make free such Norman mesne lords from the overlords' power. Nevertheless, the last idea was supplementary to the ideas of restitution of land's previous status and to these of the king's protection. It seems very likely the «liberatio» reflected a reaction of king's power on weakening the public institutions and declining the freemer's status after the Conquest. It is well known that freemen took an important place in the local administration, in tax system and military organization. Obviously, William the Conqueror used the institution «liberatio» to restore to confirm their free status. As some documents explicitly demonstrate, nobody could capture such people «super regem». Otherwise, the land fell in «manu regis». То conclude, the act of «liberatio» played the considerable role in organizing the new Anglo-Norman society that among others gave the peculiar character to the English medieval social structure, which differs to some extant from the continental model.
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ИСТОРИЯ СТРУКТУР СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ (БЕСЕДА С НИКОЛЯ ОФФЕНШТАДТОМ)
ТУБЕР ПЬЕР — 2007 г.
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К.В. ХВОСТОВА. ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВИЗАНТИЙСКОЙ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ. М.: НАУКА, 2005
ЮСИМ М.А. — 2007 г.
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КАКОЙ ФЕОДАЛИЗМ НУЖЕН В ШКОЛЕ?
ВЕДЮШКИН ВЛАДИМИР АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ — 2007 г.
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ЛИТЕРАТУРА ПО ИСТОРИИ СРЕДНИХ ВЕКОВ И РАННЕГО НОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ, ВЫШЕДШАЯ В РОССИИ В 2003 Г
ОЩЕПКОВА М.М. — 2007 г.
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ЛОБРИШОН ГИ. ЭЛОИЗА. ЛЮБОВЬ И ЗНАНИЕ. ПАРИЖ: ГАЛЛИМАР, 2005
ГАЛКОВА И.Г. — 2007 г.
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МАДАРИАГА ИСАБЕЛЬ ДЕ. ИВАН ГРОЗНЫЙ. ПЕРВЫЙ ЦАРЬ РОССИИ. НЬЮ ХЕЙВЕН; ЛОНДОН: ИЗД-ВО ЙЕЛЬСКОГО УН-ТА, 2005. 484 С
ЮСИМ М.А. — 2007 г.
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МУРАНО ДЖОВАННА. СОЧИНЕНИЯ, РАСПРОСТРАНЯВШИЕСЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПЕ-ЦИАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА РУКОПИСНЫХ КНИГ. ТУРНУ: БРЕПОЛИС, 2005. 897 С
КАЗБЕКОВА E.B. — 2007 г.
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НАУЧНЫЕ ТРУДЫ Ю.К. НЕКРАСОВА
2007
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НЕДЕРМАН КЭРИ ДЖ. ИОАНН СОЛСБЕРИЙСКИЙ. АРИЗОНСКИЙ ЦЕНТР CРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ И РЕНЕССАНСНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ. ТЕМПЕ, АРИЗОНА, 2005. 100 С
ГЛАДКОВ А.К. — 2007 г.
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НИКОЛАЙ ПЕТРОВИЧ ДЕНИСЕНКО
САВЕНКО Г.В. — 2007 г.
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НОВОСЕЛОВ В.Р. ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ДОВОД ЧЕСТИ. ДУЭЛЬ ВО ФРАНЦИИ В XVI - НАЧАЛЕ XVII СТОЛЕТИЯ. СПБ.: "АТЛАНТ", 2005. 285 С
КАЛМЫКОВА E.B. — 2007 г.
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ОБЗОР ВСЕРОССИЙСКОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ "ОБРАЗЫ ЛЮБВИ И КРАСОТЫ В КУЛЬТУРЕ ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЯ" (МОСКВА, 2006)
ОСТЕРМАН АННА АНДРЕЕВНА — 2007 г.
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ОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИ В ЕВРОПЕ В ЭПОХУ ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЯ» (МОСКВА, 2006 Г.)
КРОНШТАДТСКАЯ-КАРЕВА ЛЮДМИЛА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА — 2007 г.
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ОБЩЕСТВЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА И ПРИНЦИП ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОСТИ. К ВОПРОСУ О СОДЕРЖАНИИ КОНЦЕПТ-ЯВЛЕНИЯ "ФЕОДАЛИЗМ"
ХАЧАТУРЯН НИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА — 2007 г.
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СТРУКТУР «ДОФЕОДАЛЬНЫХ ВАРВАРСКИХ ОБЩЕСТВ» В ЭПОХУ ВЕЛИКОГО ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЯ НАРОДОВ И РАННЕЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЕ
ВАСЮТИН СЕРГЕЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ — 2007 г.
The article is concerned with the possible way of using some results of social anthropology researches of 1970-s - beginning of 2000-s to classify the ideas of the administrative institutes evolution in «pre-feudal societies». In Russian medieval history literature till the present time the political evolution of the «barbarian» societies have been in general considered in the context of the theory of the direct transition from the late primitive structures of power (military democracy) to early feudal regimes. Because of the emphasizing the feudal model of society all the nor-feudal socio-political formations lost their value for researchers and were mostly determined as transitional to the feudalism («proto-feudal», «early feudal») institutes. In contrast to this schema the neo-evolutionist conception allows to retrace at greater length changes in the power organization till the state formation beyond the feudalism genesis conception. In the article some specific examples of Germanic speaking societies of the 1st millennium AD show the evolution of administrative institutes. The following levels of political integration are revealed: clan-tribe-simple chiefdom-complex chiefdom-early state. It is important to emphasize the consideration of «barbarian» societies of the first half of the 1st millennium AD as primitive and having «vestiges of primitive communal system» is thought by the author to be a mistake. It diverges from not only the modern considerations of the societies' complexity levels in anthropology and archaeology, but it also contradicts the specific forms of social organization of Germanic population in the great migration of peoples period and early Middle Age, known to us by written and archaeological evidences. This allows to consider the «barbarian» societies within the same historical macrostructure, which we agreed to designate as «pre-feudal» period.