научный журнал по геологии Геоморфология ISSN: 0435-4281

ДАЙКОВСКАЯ Т.С., ЗОРИНА Е.Ф., НИКОЛЬСКАЯ И.И., ПРОХОРОВА С.Д. — 2012 г.

An assessment of gully erosion hazard on slope catch basins of small rivers and balkas was fulfi lled using the method of extreme parameters calculation. Potential gullies length was calculated what helped to divide slope catch basins into gully-generating and gully-non-generating. The degree of number- and length-realizations was evaluated for each gully-generating catch basins as well as the possible increment of gully network length. An approach to assessment of risk was suggested. The probability of gully rise was calculated using morphometric characteristics of slope catch basins obtained from topographical maps.

АЖИГИРОВ А.А., ГОЛОСОВ В.Н., ГРИГОРЬЕВА Т.М., ДЕЛА СЕТА М., ДЕЛЬ МОНТЕ М., КУЗНЕЦОВА Ю.С., ЛУПИЯ ПАЛЬМИЕРИ Е., ФРЕДИ П. — 2012 г.

The paper represents the results of regular measurements of the main exogenous processes at three test sites in the low mountains of semitropics (Central Apennines, Western Caucasus, and Tien-Shan). A set of methods included fi ds, benchmarks, traps, Yang method, etc. The strongest denudation (up to 2 cm/year in the West Caucasus and up to 6 cm/year in the Apennines) takes place at those parts of badlands, which were formed as a result of human activity. The total denudation is the sum of several processes, the set of which depends on lithology, relief, and climate. On the whole the denudation of the studied catchments raised 2-3 orders due to human impact in comparison with natural denudation rates.

2012

КОРОНКЕВИЧ Н.И. — 2012 г.

ДОБРОВОЛЬСКАЯ Н.Г., КАНАТЬЕВА Н.П., КРАСНОВ С.Ф., ЛИТВИН Л.Ф. — 2012 г.

Modern deluvial process - agricultural soil erosion - is the most powerful process of lateral transfer of minerals, chemicals, and pollutants on the plains under development. A signifi cant reduction of arable land in Russia, which was a result of socio-economic reforms of the end of XX century, as well as transformation of tillage into fallows and other soil-protective grounds, have caused a signifi cant decrease in the intensity and prevalence of modern deluvial processes. These changes are controlled by the geomorphologic and the most important socioeconomic factors. Cartographic and statistical methods were used to estimate the proportion of morpholithological factors' effect on the spatial distribution of the deluvial processes for the key area in Northern forest-steppe of the Volga region. It was found that the percentage of this effect varies from 17 to 53% of total impact of all factors, and increases proportionally to the complexity of the structure of agricultural land. Erosion potential of arable slopes (LS model RUSLE) in some places reaches 20-40% of the pre-reform value and directly depends on the complexity of agro-landscape and the degree of the transformation. In general, the reduction and transformation of arable land - the area of most active slope processes - is currently ongoing, but with the slow rate.

ЕРМОЛАЕВ О.П., МАЛЬЦЕВ К.А., МОЗЖЕРИН В.В., МОЗЖЕРИН В.И. — 2012 г.

General-theoretical and methodical problems of creation and use of the global geoinformation system, which refl ects the basic regularity of formation, spatial and temporal variability of suspended sediment yield of the Earths rivers, are considered. The role of river basins as geosystem formation in research of sediment yield is shown. Approaches to the automation detection of river basins boundaries, methods of integration geoinformation system with thematic databases for purpose of geomorphological analysis of river suspended sediment yield are offered and tested.

БОГДАНОВ Н.А. — 2012 г.

The distribution of the shore wave energy fl ow components controls shore morpho- and lithodynamics as well as pollutant migration. Such processes were analyzed in the Temruke Bay in connection with the port Temruke reconstruction. Technogenic catastrophes and irresponsible dealing with waste rise hazard of pollution not only the south part of Azov Sea but also the part of the Black Sea contiguous to the Kerch Strait. Risk of pollution increases during storms.

БОРИСОВА О.К., ПАНИН А.В., ШЕРЕМЕЦКАЯ Е.Д. — 2012 г.

Data of lithologic and spores and pollen analysis were used for reconstruction of the history of postglacial sedimentation in the relict hollow of melt water runoff at the south watershed of the Protva river (Kaluga region). In the end of the Middle Pleistocene when the melt water runoff dried out, weak drainage lake appeared and quickly turned into marsh (dense peat of more than 1.5 m thickness). The middle of the swamp period corresponds to optimum of Mikulin interglacial (OIS 5e). Climate snap in the Early Valday caused fl ooding of the hollow and sedimentation of 4.5 m of lacustrine siltstones during the interval 120-100 ka B.C. They are overlaid by 2 m of Holocene peat, i.e. accumulation was absent during the most part of the Holocene. Other watershed hollows in the middle Protva basin show the same structure; hence scenario described is typical and may be considered as selfdevelopment of relief. Glacial and fl uvioglacial relief of watersheds, abundant with closed depressions, was being smoothed in the end of the Moscow and in the beginning of the Valdai epochs (Mikulin optimum - interval of relief stabilisation) due to accumulation in the local depressions. As soon as the fi rst half of the Valdai epoch they turned from the catches for deposits into transit elements along their path to lower layers of relief; the integral system of slope wash from watersheds to valley network was formed.

КРАВЦОВА В.И., ЛУКЬЯНОВА С.А. — 2012 г.

Multiyear satellite monitoring (1978-2009) of the north-western Caspian Sea coast showed that the impact of the recent sea level-rise (up to -26.5 m, i.e. more than by 2 m) on the coastal zone development was growing with the distance from Volga delta and with the increase of foreshore slope. The main result of this infl uence was the extension and shifting of the whole wind-surge mudfl at complex inland. Under some lowering (by 0.5 m) and subsequent stabilization (around -27.0 m) of the sea level, backside mudfl at border reacts more active and shifts seaward earlier than mudfl at outer edge. At the beginning, shoreline confi guration was complicated, then aligned and then complicated all over again.

КАПЛИН П.А., ПОРОТОВ А.В. — 2012 г.

The morpho-sedimentary structure of the Late Holocene coastal marine terraces on the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea display the traces of rhythmic pattern which are refl ected in the intercalated peat among the liman silty clay and in several generations of beach ridges. These sea level indicators mark both the transgressive and regressive phases of general transgression during the last 5000 y. The irregularity in transgression and coastal development are regarded as the result of short-term climate fl uctuation that determined not only the rate of sea level rise but the change of sediment supply and storm frequency which governed the drastic variation of sediment budget in coastal zone. The rhythmical pattern in coastal evolution on the Black Sea littoral correlated with millennium scale climate change in Northern Hemisphere that have been refl ected in various types of relief changes in the Mediterranean and North-Atlantic coasts of Europe.

ЛЕВЧЕНКОВ А.В., РЯБКОВА О.И. — 2012 г.

Two applied works by Rudolf Brueckman and Hans Mortensen were published in 1910-1920 being very important till nowadays. They examined morphodynamics of the coasts on Zemland peninsula. R. Brueckmans works labored coastal morphology and dynamics at Palmnicken-Kraxtepellen (Yantarny), at Gross-Dirschkaim (Donskoe) and farther up to Cape Bruesterort (Taran). R.Brueckman analyzed development of the deposits of amber, morphologic features of the coasts and a submarine coastal slope, brought data on dynamics of the coastal zone, obtained during the mapping of the upper edge of the cliff in 1840-1912 and sounding the area in 1875, 1913. He made an attempt to assess impact of pulp dumping into the coastal zone of the west shoreline. H. Mortensen described in a large scale lithology and the steepness of coastal slopes of the cliffs, main mesoforms of slopes, woodiness of the cliff, as well as the morphology of the beach. H. Mortensen paid much attention to development of the slopes and dynamics of the coastal zone. These works are still relevant for monitoring the coastal zone of Zemland Peninsula.

БАЙЛАГАСОВ Л.В., БАЙЛАГАСОВА И.Л., ЛЮБИМОВ Р.В., РОБЕРТУС Ю.В. — 2012 г.

The new data about Ujmonsky ancient lake (the Central Altai) existence at absolute height of 1270- 1280 m were obtained. Studying of the revealed traces of coastal zone, the abrasion development degree, and lacustrine sediments on slopes of the reservoir have allowed to determine its basic morphometric characteristics (area - 2250-2300 km2, water volume - 450 km3, maximum depth - 435 m), age (12-10 Ma B.P.), the duration of existence (~1000 y), and to propose a considerations about the location and the origin of its dam.

БРОНГУЛЕЕВ В.ВАД., МАКАРЕНКО А.Г., МАККАВЕЕВ А.Н. — 2012 г.

The catalogue of astrobleme-like depressions of Moscow region, including 36 objects, was compiled. Lakes occupy the most part of depressions. Each depression included into catalogue is described by a set of morphologic, geologic, and geomorphologic parameters. The distribution of depressions is not casual: the most part of them lies within the low fl uvio-glacial, lacustrine, and alluvial plains. Thence there is only remote chance of their meteoritic origin; their genesis is probably diverse, though related to periglacial conditions of Valdai and Moscow glaciations. The role of the latter in the formation of one of the depressions (Lake Svetloye) is ascertained fairly surely on the basis of its rims cross-section analysis.

ЛОПАТИН Д.В., ШАВЕЛЬ Н.И. — 2012 г.

Geomorphologic mapping of the ore fi eld (374 km2 in area) was fulfi lled to scale 1:10000. The method and technology for such mapping are described. Geoindicators of deep ore-bearing structures were revealed.

ТРОФИМОВА Е.В. — 2012 г.

ВАЖЕНИН Б.П. — 2012 г.

According to the results of long-term fi eld observations and remote sensing studies, the coasts of Nagaev Bay have been forming due to both tectonic movements and rare earthquakes, which drastically accelerate slow landforming processes, and also to abrasion-favored slope processes. During the past decade, the eastern cliff of the bay has been subjected to intense abrasion and slope denudation processes. Unlike the southern and northern coasts, which are rocky, it consists of poorly lithifi ed siltstone and argillite rocks and recedes onshore about 1 m/year. As a result, the territory of Magadan lessens for about 2000 m2 each year. Relatively large rock falls and rockslides are of about 14 000 m3 and become more signifi cant and frequent in the autumn (to the less extend in the spring) due to freezing/thawing processes in surface soils. The question of what can be the cause for intense cliff destruction, whether it can be the sea level rise and/or subsidence of the rift-shaped bottom of Ghertner-Nagaev Depression, needs further investigation.

КОВДА И.В. — 2012 г.

Gilgai morphology, genesis, distribution and role in the landscape are described on the base of literature data and personal investigations. Gilgai is a specifi c type of microrelief, formed by slow uplift and intrusion of a subsoil material due to swelling resulted from alternating drying and wetting. In terms of genetic classifi cation of landforms gilgai could be classifi ed as hydrogenic microrelief together with cryogenic, karst and suffusion microrelief. Gilgai may be identifi ed and distinguished from the other types of microrelief by the presence of slickensides - slip planes demonstrating the direction of the vertical and lateral shearing. Gilgai are mostly presented in tropical and subtropical regions, but were also found in Russia and the former USSR.

ЕФРЕМОВ Ю.В., ШЕЛЮК А.А. — 2012 г.

Formation and space distribution of crossing saddles as well as their morphological features depend on composition and strength of rocks. The most part of crossing saddles of the West Caucasus is located at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse tectonic faults. In this region there are three genetic types of the crossing saddles: primary tectonic, river destructive, and glacial ones. The genetic variety of saddles depends on characteristic features of geological structure and the intensity of geomorphological processes. The origin of mountain passes is conditioned by tectonic and erosion processes as well.

СИДОРЧУК А.Ю. — 2012 г.

Toward the middle of the XX century the large stage of dynamic geomorphology development was accomplished; it was the stage of qualitative description of morphogenetic processes and generalization of these knowledge in concept of geographical cycle by W. Davis. At this time N.I. Makkaveyev began his geomorphological studies with criticism of speculative character of this concept and reasoned the want of quantitative methods. Later he put through the unique by its relevance investigation of geomorphic processes, worked out resumptive qualitative-quantitative conception of the single erosion-accumulative process in a river basin. Towards the end of his life he blocked out the frames of the theory of geographic cycle and geomorphologic landscape evolution. These works refl ect the main paths of dynamic geomorphology and often anticipate other scholars investigations. In the result of quantitative analysis of geomorphic processes it has become possible to develop numerical 3-d models of geomorphic landscape evolution at the interaction of endogenic and exogenic processes.

ПЕШКОВ В.М. — 2012 г.

In the sea coasts study we often face phenomena which go beyond the usual understanding of the modern coast dynamics. These phenomena can be predicted only with the help of the environment changes knowledge. The coastal zone includes and is connected dynamically with many subsystems which differ in their physical characteristics and properties. Many of them are relatively independent, but in case of changes in their parameters, they can signifi cantly infl uence the general direction of coastal processes. It means that the prediction of modern dynamics and development of the sea coast is, in some sense, the prediction of these subsystems changes.