научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Российская археология ISSN: 0869-6063

БАЗАЛИЙСКИЙ В.И., ГАРВЬЕ-ЛОК С., ЖЕРМОНПРЕ М., ЛЕОНАРД Д.А., ЛОЗЕЙ Р.Д., ПЕЖЕМСКИЙ Д.В. — 2013 г.

The article gives a detailed analysis of an unusual burial located in the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia on the bank of the river Angara in the Irkut estuary. It included an intentionally buried wolf, a human skull and scattered human bones as well as various implements and a patch of ochre. The grave analysis is based on osteometric work, DNA analysis, stable isotope analysis, 14C-dating of wolf and human bones, craniometric characteristic of the human skull, morphological and typological characteristics of the implements. A detailed archaeological description of the burial is given. The research has shown that the wolf bones in grave Loco-motiv R-8 belonged to a male animal that died in July or August at the age of 9±1. The cause of death and the subspecies of the animal have not been identified. The human skull is that of a Far Eastern mongoloid. There is a chronological gap between the datings for the human and the wolf bones. The grave can be dated to the Late Mesolithic period and is a ritual burial.

ФЕДОРОВА Н.В. — 2013 г.

САВЕЛЬЕВ Н.И. — 2013 г.

The article tells the story of the artifact known in Golden Horde archaeology as "the crown of Janibek", which became widely known after 1836 when it was brought to Germany. The event provoked the first large-scale archaeological excavations at Tsarev site. The author uses the data from Russian and foreign sources to analyze the circumstances of the crown's discovery and trace its journey from Tsarev site in the Lower Volga region to Jena. The author analyzes the Russian and German historiography of the artifact, cites its analogies and reconstructs its hypothetical original appearance. Even though the crown is at present considered to be lost, the drawings and photographs allow publishing the artifact

ВАН ДЕР ПЛИХТ Й., ЗАЗОВСКАЯ Э.П., ШИШЛИНА Н.И. — 2013 г.

Bone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offerings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time 11 pins have been radiocarbon dated. 14C dating of bone pins identified the catapult type pin as the earliest one. They marked the period of the Yamnaya culture formation. Then Yamnaya population produced hammer-headed pins, which became very popular in other cultural environments and spread very quickly across the Steppe and the Caucasus during 2900–2650 cal BC. But according to the radiocarbon dating bone pins almost disappeared after 2600 cal BC.

ФЕДОРОВ В.К. — 2013 г.

The article is devoted to the bone spoons from early nomad burials that have been found in quivers or in other connection with arrows. The author lists 72 assemblages which come from an area encompassed by the Lower Don and the Kuban in the west and Ustyurt and Turgai in the east. Most of the investigated burials with spoons in the quivers are in the South Urals and date to the 5 th - 3 d cc. BC, whereas the earliest date to the 6 th c. BC and are located in the Lower Don region. Analysis of the different objects from quiver assemblages has revealed that the spoons were the only non-utilitarian objects, in contrast with most of the finds which were instruments for minor repairs (small touchstones, knives and awls). The author advances the hypothesis that the spoons were used for sacrificial libations in funeral rites.

КОРОЧКОВА О.Н., СТЕФАНОВ В.И. — 2013 г.

The article gives the results of the 2009–2011 excavations at Shaitanskoye Ozero II, a Bronze Age cult site in the Middle Trans-Urals. The site is a shrine, the territory of which has yielded a large number of bronze and stone items of Seima-Turbino and post-Seima appearance, and Koptyakovo-type pottery. The shore area in question was the territory where the earliest metallurgists and warriors carried out their rites and cult practices.

АФАНАСЬЕВ Г.Е. — 2013 г.

The article covers the topic of Saltovo-Mayatsk kitchen ware (pots and cauldrons) as a possible marker of the settling of Turkic-speaking Bulgar and Khazar tribes in Southeastern Europe. Analysis of the methodological approaches and correlation of the pottery specimens with the anthropological characteristics of the population allow assuming that the above hypothesis is untenable. The author concludes that the Alanic population of the Middle Don basin and the early medieval population of the Central Caucasus had been manufacturing such ware since and an earlier time.

СЕРИКОВ Ю.Б. — 2013 г.

The article analyzes the different viewpoints concerning the possibility of mammoth hunting in the Paleolithic. The issue has become especially acute in the light of the find from Lugovskoye (environs of Khanty-Mansiysk), which is a mammoth's vertebra showing traces of damage from a hafted tool. Analysis of different aspects of the interaction between humans and mammoth shows that mammoth hunting appears to have taken place in crisis situations only, and the targeted specimens were those already weakened by disease or wounds.

ОЛЕЙНИКОВ О.М., РУДЕНКО К.А. — 2013 г.

The 2010 excavations at Desyatinny 4 excavation site in Veliky Novgorod yielded a copper vessel of truncated cone shape and with a cylindrical neck. The height of the vessel is 20.5 cm. The bottom is of convex shape with a slightly concave flattened part in the center, the lip is cone-shaped, about 10 cm long, with a slight upward curve. The handle is not preserved, yet the traces of soldering on the vessel allow assuming that the handle was at least 10.5 cm long. Metal kumgans (jars) were a typical item of material culture of the Muslim Orient in the Middle Ages. In size, technology and shape the kumgan from Novgorod is analogous to copper vessels of the second half of the 13 th - the beginning of the 15 th cc. It belongs to the circle of everyday copper ware of the Oriental type, which in Eastern Europe was manufactured in the Bulgaria ulus during the Golden Horde time, and in Bulgaria Volga before that.

УСПЕНСКИЙ П.С. — 2013 г.

The article considers the dynamics of the areal of the ground burials of the 8 th–13 th cc. with the ritual of burnt corpses on the territory of the North Western Caucasus. The author identified the areal groups of necropolis and calculated their density using the methods of geographic information system analysis. The received data gave the opportunity to identify the initial areal of the tradition and trace the dynamics of the expansion of such burials during the whole period of the existence of the cremation tradition in the North Western Caucasus. The author draws the conclusion that over the period of the existence of such tradition the areal of necropolis was being changed partially. New features were added to the burial tradition. But the unity of the territory of the studied monuments testifies the direct continuity and correlation of the cremation of the Khazars cultural historical period and the Pechenegs Polovets one.

МОДИН Р.Н. — 2013 г.

The article presents "Gnezdovo-type" pendants from the Upper Oka basin, giving a description of the finds, reviewing the chronology of their use and citing analogies from other Old Rus sites. The items resemble artifacts in the Scandinavian animal style (Borre, Jelling). The article also gives the results of metallographic analysis of part of the finds.

ПИГАРЁВ Е.М. — 2013 г.

ЦВЕТКОВА Т.Г. — 2013 г.

The article presents a find from the excavations at Varakhsha, the country seat of the early medieval rulers of Bukhara. The Central Asia archaeological expedition of the State Museum of Oriental Arts (Moscow) has collected a large amount of carved ganch elements of architectural decor from the 8 th c., the themes and ornamental motifs of which have analogies at Parthian and especially Sassanian sites in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan. One of the themes, a poppyhead, is unique and has no analogies in carved ganch decor.

БОРЗУНОВ В.А. — 2013 г.

A.D. are proposed in the article. The general characteristics of the Neolithic sites and their prototypes of the 6 th–4 th millennium B.C., which were founded in the taiga of the Western Siberia and Trans Urals, is given. The reasons of their formation are also viewed in the article. The Neolithic forest forts are situated on the promontories, on the edges of terraces and in the depth of the bank. They are protected by pale fences, log walls and ditches. They were built and probably invented by the primitive groups of the taiga fishermen and hunters. The main reason of their invention is separation and consolidation of the relatively free trade zones in the conditions of the influx of immigrants from the south in the period of climatic optimum and fierce competition among the communities.

БЕГОВАТКИН А.А. — 2013 г.

At the end of 1980-s during the open-cut works for break stone development an Old Russian sword with a bronze handle, which was according to the classification of A.N. Kirpichnikov of an A-handle type and dated back to 1000 year, was found in the near vicinity of the village Purdoshki of the Temnikovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia. The sword from the village Purdoshki is the fourth published find of such kind found on the European territory. Furthermore, this is the only exponent known in Russia which has a rich ornamentation in the shape of intertwined double vegetable sprouts combined with the eastern palmettes placed on the guard of the hilt. The appearance of Old Russian swords on the territory, which was not under control of Russian Princes, A.N. Kirpichnikov considers as a demonstration of a military activity of Kyiv in the eastern direction. Pendants with the sign of the Riurikid dynasty found in Kelginsky burial in Moksha area and in Rozhdestvensky burial in Kama area testify it indirectly.

СЕРГИН В.Я. — 2013 г.

The article is based on the observations which the author made in the course of the excavations conducted by I.G. Pidoplichko in 1972. The author gives additional information on dwelling complex 3 and re-interprets several details connected with it. The remains of the dwelling showed no traces of diluvial impact. The enclosure of the dwelling included 5-6 mammoth skulls. Skull 23, which I.G. Pidoplichko had interpreted as part of the enclosure and the entrance, proved to be a detail of the hearth structure. The above-ground hearth was situated in the center of the dwelling. There are indications that the pit at the northeastern edge of the dwelling, which contained animal bones, was man-made.

ЛЫЧАГИНА Е.Л. — 2013 г.

ПИДАЕВ Ш.Р. — 2013 г.

The article covers the impressions on pottery and the engraved semi-precious gemstones from Old Termez site in Uzbekistan. The author gives detailed descriptions of the images (anthropomorphic figure of a ruler with attributes of power; sitting figure in possibly religious context, with Buddhist attributes; zoomorphic figures (winged stallion, scorpion, hare, and partridge); floral motif of tulip-shaped flower), and of their symbolism. The article offers analogies and datings and identifies the chronological stages within the period from the 3 d to the 5 th cc. on the basis of the iconography and technique of the images. The author advances the hypothesis that most of the engraved gems were of local manufacture, which indicates development of the jewelry craft in Old Termez in the Early Middle Ages.

БЫТКОВСКИЙ О.Ф., ТКАЧЕВ В.В., УМРИХИН С.М. — 2013 г.

The article publishes the materials from a newly discovered Late Bronze Age burial site in the southern spurs of the Ural Mountains. The specific features of the stone and earthen structures above the graves, the structure of the graves themselves, the use of both inhumation and cremation and the pottery assemblage indicate that the burials combine features of Alakul and Fyodorovo cultures. The site conforms to the standards of the Kozhumberdy cultural group; however, the pottery reveals influence of the Srubna culture, and anthropological data confirms the assumption. It appears that the specific organizational features of the mining-and-metallurgical works stimulated trade and barter activities in the region and thus contributed to more active contacts between cultures in the Urals-Mugodzhary region.

ДЭВЛЕТ Е.Г. — 2013 г.