научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Средние века ISSN: 0131-8780

КРИНИЦЫНА Е.С. — 2010 г.

ДОМНИНА ЕКАТЕРИНА ГЕННАДЬЕВНА — 2010 г.

ТКАЧЕНКО АЛЕКСАНДР АНАТОЛЬЕВИЧ — 2010 г.

L'article est consacrй aux problиmes de la perception mйdiйvale de la couleur et le fonctionnement de la couleur comme un emblиme dans la culture mйdiйvale. Dans le centre d'intйrкt de l'auteur se trouve la discussion entre les cisterciens et les clunisiens а propos des couleurs des vкtements monastiques. Pour comprendre en dйtail les sources, le dйveloppement et les consйquences du conflit, l'auteur fait une petite excursion en histoire de la couleur des vкtements des membres des ordre religieux, particuliиrement dans la tradition bйnйdictine, en montrant que jusqu'au XII siиcle la couleur n'йtait jamais l'objet du dйbat. En raison de cela on analyse la thйorie du M. Pastoureau sur l'apparition au XII siиcle de deux traditions intellectuelles de la perception de la couleur - les chromophiles et les chromophobes. Cependant la discussion а propos des couleurs entre les cisterciens et les clunisiens avait les raisons sociales. La visualisation colorйe est apparue et a reзu la diffusion au fond de la transformation de ces groupes monastiques а structures corporatives plus nettement rйgularisйes. C'est pourquoi on ne peut pas dйcrire le dйbat entre les cisterciens et les clunisiens comme le conflit entre les chromophiles et les chromophobes, mais comme l'opposition socialement dйterminйe de deux maximalement proches groupes ayant les intйrкts pareils. Une nouvelle visualisation contribuait а l'union des membres du groupe et la consolidation des liens а l'intйrieur du groupe, en indiquant а sa mission spйciale et en prйsentant symboliquement l'йchelle de valeur du groupe.

БИБИКОВ М.В. — 2010 г.

ФИЛИППОВ И.С. — 2010 г.

НЬЮБУРГСКИЙ УИЛЬЯМ — 2010 г.

ФЛОРЯ БОРИС НИКОЛАЕВИЧ — 2010 г.

The article deals with travels around Europe undertaken by a Russian gentleman, Voin Nashchokin, in the 1660s. He escaped abroad in order to partake of the European culture. Later, Nashchokin became a secret agent of the Russian government. The article is supplied with the publication of an archival document, Voin Nashchokin's letter to his father.

ШАТОХИНА-МОРДВИНЦЕВА ГАЛИНА АЛЕКСЕЕВНА — 2010 г.

The article reviews the history of the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in the period of so-called «first stadtholderless government» in 1650-1672. Using extensive sources and scholarly literature, the author shows the changes that occurred during these years in the system of public administration of the Republic and how they influenced the foreign policy of the country. G.A. Shatokhina-Mordvintseva makes a special emphasis on examination of the activity of the Grand Pensionary of Holland Johan de Witt and his role in solving internal and foreign policy questions.

2010

ВИН ЮРИЙ ЯКОВЛЕВИЧ — 2010 г.

The article deals with the institution of old residents in the self- governing community of the late Byzantine village. Their main characteristics were their age and experience, respectable way of life, and good knowledge of local affairs. They mostly regulated conflicts concerned with tenements. Despite the fact that there was no special term for this phenomenon in the Middle Ages, it had an important cultural and social function in the life of late Byzantine village. They performed a role of institutionalized memory.

ЛОРЕНС-МЕЙЗЕРС ЭНН — 2010 г.

William of Newburgh is chiefly known for his account of twelfth- century English politics, in the History of English Дffairs. However, the Prologue to this work also deserves attention, since it takes the almost unprecedented form of a comprehensive attack on Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, and especially on the account of the heroic career of King Arthur. William's Prologue opens with the forthright statement: 'The history of our people, that is the English, was written by the venerable priest and monk, BEDE' (sic!). It goes on to make use of a remarkable range of information, including the extremely rare work of Gildas. The argument of this article is that this 'English' view of history is related to the contents of a set of complex manuscripts from Durham and the Northumbrian Cistercian houses. These give details of the generations of 'English' kings who conquered post-Roman Britain, together with extracts from the works of Gildas and Nennius, amongst many others. Together they place Bede's version of the coming of the English at the centre of an encyclopaedic reconstruction of world history, which William of Newburgh (who dedicates his work to the abbot of Rievaulx) also follows. It need hardly be stressed that in this version of history there is no room for King Arthur.

ШИШКИН В.В. — 2010 г.

КАНЯШИН ЮРИЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ — 2010 г.

According to the documents of some Burgundian monasteries, strip field system was the basis of local agrarian landscape. The system of strips appeared as a result of economic development and was a consequence of the expansion of private landed property and collective implementing of owners' rights. The peculiarities of landscape determined the character of the field system. So, it was a rational solution that allowed the owners to have a free access to the roads and natural field fringes. The strip field system preserved its social function of neighbourhood, reproduced itself and expanded during this entire period despite the great changes in society.

ПОЗНЯКОВ А.С. — 2010 г.

СОФРОНОВА ЛИДИЯ ВЛАДИМИРОВНА — 2010 г.

This article deals with an interesting example of the Renaissance biographic discourse, the parallel biography of English humanist John Colet (1466-1519) and the warden of the Observant Franciscans of Saint-Omer Jean Vitrier (1456 - before 1521). The biography was written by Erasmus in the form of a letter addressed to German humanist reformer Justus Jonas. Unlike the common historiographic tradition, the author tries to emphasize the peculiarities of the source. Due to the fact that the biography is being narrated in a style of moral admonition, persuasion by example (exemplificatio), the text does not belong to the genre of historical biography, but rather to a literary work, namely, the diatribe. Drawing a portrait of the «Christian humanist», Erasmus showed his own attitude towards Luther's conflict with the papacy and tried to give grounds to the opportunity of reforming the Catholic Church without detachment from Rome.

МИХАЙЛОВА ТАТЬЯНА АНДРЕЕВНА — 2009 г.

The author follows M. Herbert's article "The Preface to 'Amra Coluim Cille'" (in: Sages, Saints and Storytellers. Maynooth, 1989) and tries to define more precisely locus, tempus, persona and causa scribendi of the Preface to "Amra", preserved in "Liber Himnorum" (the 12th century.). It is impossible to say for certain when and where the 'publication' of the Old Irish text with Middle Irish introduction and glosses was compiled at first, but the reference to two historical figures, Mael Suthain, the secretary and anamchara of king Brian Bóruma, and Ferdomnach, comarba of Colum Cille in Kells and nominee of King Mael Sechnall, dates the first redaction of this compilation to the beginning of the 11th century (c. 1005-1009). The author analyzes testimonies of Irish Annals and vernacular data which concern the figure of Mael Suthain and considers that this personage could be called 'a right hand' of the King Brian, the Munster ruler, who became a High-King of Ireland after A.D. 1003 (1002?). The 'real' and legitimate king of Tara, Mael Sechlann II from North Uí Neills was forced to cede to Brian and, even more, became his ally in the struggle with the Norsemen. The mention in the Preface of the controversy between Mael Suthain and Ferdomnach about the precise place of the composition of the "Amra" reveals the ideological contest between Mael Sechnall and Brian. In the Middle Irish Preface authorship of the St. Columba's eulogy is ascribed to Dallán Forgaill, to whom the authorship of the "Amra" Senáin is also ascribed. Dallán is one of the most enigmatic and shadowy names of Irish early history. He was widely known as the chief poet (ollam) of Ireland, close to the Uí Neills. The analysis of the content of the poem demonstrates that its author, however, was rather an anonymous learned monk form familia of Iona, but not a court poet of the King Aod mac Ainmire. After Viking attacks of the beginning of the 9th century, when the familia moved from Iona to Kells they took with them all important manuscripts and two centuries later the copy of the "Amra" was found again. It is notable that most of the Preface has nothing to do with "Amra" itself, but concerned with an anecdote about the Convention of Druim Cet, when St. Columba saved the poets from banishment from Ireland. The Preface is regarded by the author as a pure literary construct reflecting the controversial relationship between learned classes and secular power in the post-Viking period of Irish history.

ДУБРОВСКИЙ ИГОРЬ ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧ — 2009 г.

Dans l'article il s'agit de deux découvertes faites par les archéologues italiens et qui jettent de la lumière sur la vie économique du Haut Moyen Age. Les témoignages de Crypta Balbi étudiés par Lucia Sagui et ses collègues ont leur importance pour les débat sur le sort du commerce méditerranéen depuis la formulation des thèses d'Henri Pirenne à ce propos. Les études de Riccardo Francovich et Marco Valenti constituent aussi une contribution importante à l'histoire des habitats groupés du Haut Moyen Age en nous faisant revivre les débats sur incastellamento.

РЫБИНА МАРИЯ ВЛАДИМИРОВНА — 2009 г.

This article is dedicated to the problem of the end of the so-called voluntary martyrs' movement in the mid-ninth century Cordoba. The author puts forward stories about tenth-century martyrs in the capital of Caliphate and tries to analyze if they could be connected with the voluntary martyrs' movement. The author concludes that in the tenth century Christians of Cordoba preserved the tradition to worship the voluntary martyrs and, moreover, were ready to maintain this tradition and enrich it with some new names and subjects. At the same time they abstained from the most radical manifestations of disrespect towards Islam and the Muslim state.

ПОДАЛЯК НАТАЛЬЯ ГОРДЕЕВНА — 2009 г.

Im Artikel handelt es sich um eine der meist bemerkbaren Gestalten der hansischen Diplomatie - den Lübecker Kaufmann und Politiker Johann von Douai. Mit seinem Namen ist die Umsetzung in 80-er Jahren des 13 - Anfangs des 14. Jahrhunderts einer Reihe von wichtigen außenpolitischen Aktionen der Hansa verwachsen. Johann von Douai spielte eine entscheidende Rolle bei den Verhandlungen, infolge deren der Schutz der hansischen Privilegien in Flandern gesichert, die Sanktionen gegen die estnischen Vasalen der dänischen Krone, die die hansischen Schiffe plünderten, verhängt sowie die Gewährung durch Schweden dem hansischen Handel der günstigen Transitmöglichkeiten nach Nowgorod erzielt wurden. Der Autor macht einen Versuch, im Kontext des Zeitalters den Gestalt der Persönlichkeit von großem Format nachzubilden, um sich über seine Tätigkeit den Mechanismus der Erlangung durch die Hansa der Mächtigkeit, insbesondere der diplomatischen Kunst, im Mittelalters Klarheit zu verschaffen. Johann von Douai nimmt einen besonderen Platz in der Reihe von hansischen Diplomaten. Ihn zeichnete eine außerordentliche Begabung für die Lösung besonders schwierigen, manchmal hoffnungslosen, Probleme aus. Als Verhandlungsteilnehmer war er initiativreich und zugleich vorsichtig. Er liebte Lübeck, handelte national, übte effektiv die Politik zum Schutz der hansischen Interessen aus. Seine Kenntnisse, Energie und diplomatische Erfahrung widmete Johann von Douai den Handelsinteressen der Hansa.

ЧЕРНЫХ АЛЕКСАНДР ПЕТРОВИЧ — 2009 г.

L'article traite des changements d'un type des sources d'héraldique médiévale du XIVe siècle en comparaison avec le XIIIe: l'augmentation commune des armoriaux, la diminution de quelques types du XIIIe siècle, l'apparition des types nouveaux: des armoriaux institutionnelles et des armoriaux ordonnés. Les plus nombreux au XIVe siècle sont les armoriaux universelles (le tiers de tous les connus); succèdent à eux les armoriaux occasionnelles. Les armoriaux du XIVe siècle témoignent de la plus large extension de l'usage des armoiries et du developpement d'héraldique en système social. L'auteur touche le problème des armoriaux secondaires et insiste que chacun complexe des armoriaux indépendamment du porteur peut servir pour l'historien comme une source probant a valeur requise. La liste des principaux armoriaux européens du XIVe siècle est publié en annexe.