научный журнал по истории и историческим наукам Российская археология ISSN: 0869-6063

АЛЕШИНСКАЯ А.С., ДОЛГИХ А.В., ЛЕБЕДЕВА Е.Ю., МАКАРОВ Н.А., ШПОЛЯНСКИЙ С.В. — 2014 г.

The article considers the developing history of the territory on the Nerl River in the village Kideksha where in 1152 one of the first white-stone cathedrals of the Northern-Eastern Rus (the Church of Boris and Gleb) was built up by Iurii Dolgorukii. The choice of this place for the church's construction was connected with the special status of Kideksha as a Knyazh residence, probably erected on the place of the earlier administration center. However, the strong culture layers fracturing in the church yard did not give the opportunity to check this hypothesis for a long time. A culture layer, covered with building layer of 1152, was examined during the excavations in 2011. Based on the archaeological data, the results of morphological research of profiles and scientific analyses of the soil, the analysis of spores and pollen and archaeobotanic materials, it is possible to reconstruct some stages of the territory development. Till the end of the 1 st millennium AD and during not less than a thousand and a half years there was the process of forming sod-podzol under the wood on the native the Nerl River valley side. Single fragments of the textile pottery of the 1 st millennium BC evidently reflect the short-lasting period of the settlement in the beginning of the 1 st millennium BC or seasonal economic activity. At the end of the 1 st millennium AD on the rock terrace a fixed medieval settlement appeared. Based on the finds of the carbonized macro remains, preserved in the culture layer, it is suggestible that the citizens of the settlement were involved in agriculture and the dominate crop was barley. Not later than the second half of the 10 th century the settlement was abandoned. The forming of meadow soil on the culture layer was in progress on the place of the settlement. According to the composition of the pollen in spores and pollen specters, the surrounding landscape was open at that time. Not less than a hundred years after the plough, which was accompanied by vegetation burning, has been formed on the meadow part. The Church of Boris and Gleb was built by Iurii Dolgorukii on a farm field.

МОШКОВА М.Г., ТРЕЙСТЕР М.Ю. — 2014 г.

The article is devoted to the find of the unique glass vessel with the enamel painting in the burial 1 of the barrow 23 of the burial ground Lebedevka V in the Western Kazakhstan. The context of the find examined thoroughly allows its dating to the middle of the 3rd c. AD. of the main attention was paid to the description and attribution of the glass vessel with the depiction of four gladiators. It belongs to the group of vessels of an exquisite quality, which were very likely to be produced in the Near East, and bears a strong resemblance to piece found in the Treasury of Begram (Afghanistan). The dating of these vessels is arguable. Different researches suggest dates within the late 1st - the first half of the 3rd cc. AD. The context of find from Lebedevka gives only terminus ante quem for the vessel and does not allow to precise its dating in the above mentioned chronological frames. However, taking into consideration that such a fragile piece of art is unlikely to be kept and passed on from generation to generation in the nomadic community both its late dating within these period and correspondingly the dating of the goblet from Begram to the second half of the 2nd c. AD are pre-ferrable. In conclusion, the find is considered in the context of the numerous import items of the western and eastern origin found in the excavation of the Lebedevka barrow-mounds.

АЛЕКСЕЕВ А.Ю., ВАСИЛЬЕВ С.А., ВСЕВИОВ Л.М., ГИРЯ Е.Ю., ДЕРЖАВИН В.Л., ЕЛЬЯШЕВИЧ А.М., КНУТ АРНЕ ХЕЛЬСКОГ, КОЗИНЦЕВ А.Г., НОСОВ Е.Н., ОСТАШИНСКИЙ С.М., ПИОТРОВСКИЙ М.Б., ПИОТРОВСКИЙ Ю.Ю., САКСА А.И., СОРОКИН А.Н., ТЕРЕБЕНИН В.С., ТИХОНОВ И.Л., ХВОЩИНСКАЯ Н.В., ЧИСТОВ Ю.К., ЧУГУНОВ К.В., ШУМКИН В.Я., ЭНГОВАТОВА А.В. — 2014 г.

НЕДАШКОВСКИЙ Л.Ф. — 2014 г.

Every large city of the Lower Volga region in the Golden Horde period has its own periphery (from three to five towns). The village in the area in the time period of the Golden Horde sprang up simultaneously with the cities (the second half of the 13 th - the beginning of the 14 th cc.), but already ceased to exist at the end of the 14th c. The arable farming was more developed in the northern part of the region, in the periphery of the Uvek site which central part settlements were closely connected to each other. The groups of settlements also existed in the Tsarevskoe, Selitrennoe and Sharenyy Bugor regions, but in the periphery of Selitrennoe site and in the delta of Volga they had only formed by the first half - the middle of the 14 th c. Settled periphery supplied the cities with food and raw materials in exchange for handicraft and expensive imported goods. While nomadic periphery was exchanging cattle products for handicraft ones specially made for nomads. They also received import goods. The Golden Horde cities of the Lower Volga region, therefore, were strongly bonded by the internal trade relations (based on the commodity-money relations) with settled and nomadic peripheries.

КАЧАНОВСКАЯ М.Г., РАХИМЖАНОВА С.Ж. — 2014 г.

The article presents first results of the special techno-technological research of the Neolithic Botai culture ceramics from the excavations of the eponymous settlement Botai in the Northern Kazakhstan. The ceramics research has been done under the historical cultural approach based on the methodology of A. A. Bobrinskiy. The presence of the bearers of different ceramics traditions with the skills of choosing and preparing the basic raw material and formation of moulding ceramics masses on the territory of Botai has been documented.

КОЛОБОВА К.А., КРИВОШАПКИН А.И., ПАВЛЕНОК К.К. — 2014 г.

The article states the results of the overall researches on the rehabilitation of the one-layer settlement Rykan-3 which is considered to be a model dwelling site the Middle Don Region catacomb culture of the 3 rd millennium BC in the Eastern European forest-steppe zone. The experience of the discovering of the infrastructural characteristics with the help of the spatial-correlation analysis of the archaeological and natural data has been shown amid the common problems in studying the catacomb community’s settlements. Through this analysis it was possible to find out the principle of a settlement planning under the paleorelief conditions; to define functions and the significance of the core structural objects; to localize zones of the intensive domestic activity, in some cases, to specify the character of such activity, its connections with the common planning and specific land constructions; to correlate the infrastructural characteristics of the settlement with the climatic season. The main result of the systemizing the materials of the research is a structural-functional model of the citizens’ compact accommodation which was made for the first time in respect to the bearers of the catacomb funeral rite.

ЗОТКИНА Л.В. — 2014 г.

The purpose of this paper is to throw the light on the questions of petroglyph implementation. The research is concentrated on the sites of Minusinsk basin and on the petroglyphs which were made with picking techniques. Some problems of technological investigations are covered here including the methodological side. The subject of rock art fixing and the same way as 3D reconstruction and photogrammetry are also broached. But the paper is mostly concentrated on some results of experimental and traceological study of Minusinsk basin petroglyphs and on correlation of technological and artistic components in the local rock art.

ГАЛИЕВА З.С. — 2014 г.

The article analyses a special type of ceramic vessels, which by their form were called "spheroconical vessels" and were widely distributed in the 10 th-15 th centuries. The archaeological research of the medieval towns of Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as the Golden Horde showed that spheroconical vessels were of mass ceramic products. The issues of the functional purpose of spheroconical vessels and a wide range of their application are also considered. Based on the study of the large number of such objects founded in archeological monuments of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, the author analyses the evolution of the development of their forms. These forms are rather well represented in the illustration to the article. At the same time the chronological sequence of the appearance of various ornaments in spheroconical vessels decoration is studied. The typology of the spheroconical vessels of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan is represented in this article the first time ever.

ДОДЕ З.В. — 2014 г.

Precious church fabrics seized by nomads as trophies became the details of costumes if used secondarily. Regardless of the purposes of their secular use there were motives determined pagans attitudes to the alien sacral symbols from their adoption or indifference to their total desacralisation. The article discusses the costume makers' motivation that used church fabrics with embroidered Christian symbols discovered in Mongolian burial Guva 2 (Kalmykia) and medieval vault Korotoh (Chechnya). The materials from the burial mound Chingul (the Ukraine) are involved as the historical parallel. The finds have been considered as of one historical location in the frames of Mongolian Empire.

ПЕТРОВ А.С. — 2014 г.

The embroidered cloth depicting the Ascension, found by E. Tsutskin in burial mounds Guva 2 of Kalmykia in 1978, essentially enriches our notions not only about the early Russian embroidery, but about pre-Mongolian art of Kievan Rus' as well. The iconographic variant of the Ascension with the figures of the Apostles alternated with images of trees is known in Byzantine art since the 9 th century. However in ancient Russian art it can be found only in mural paintings of the 12 th centuries. The original composition is supposed to be 1 meter wide, thus, we consider it to be an altar cloth (antependium). We also take into consideration the typical iconographic images of cherubims on the piece, which are usually not presented in such compositions. The technique of execution is similar to the fragments of pre-Mongolian embroidery found on the territory of modern Ukraine; it bears unmistakable features of the influence of Romanesque art. Thus, the artwork can be dated back to the 12 th - early 13 th century.

БАБЕНКО Л.И., ВАЛЬЧАК С.Б. — 2014 г.

The bronze bit found at the beginning of 1990 in the Kharkiv Historical Museum was attributed as originating from burial 3 of barrow 1 from V.A. Gorodtsov's excavation at Chernogorovka, the Kharkov area of the Ukraine in 1901. Recently found archival materials not only confirm such attribution, but also allow tracking interesting facts of moving of the bit to various collections, from the moment of finding, in the Great Patriotic war, down to the present time.

КУЗЬМИН Я.В. — 2014 г.

КОВТУН И.В. — 2014 г.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the knife's pommel from the Seima-Turbino burial ground Rostovka near Omsk. The phenomenon of metallurgy of Seima-Turbino communities changed dramatically the technological standards of bronze casting industry of the North Eurasia at the end of the 3 rd millennium - first centuries of the 2 nd millennium BC. But the problem of ethnical and linguistic affiliation has not been solved yet. The author suggests the existence of an Indo-Aryan component in the Seima-Turbino groupings. The evidence of such substrate is the informative meanings of the sculptural mise en scene of the knife from Ros-tovka. The parallels are drawn between the ornamentation of the tail and the mane of the horse from Rostovka on one hand and the mix of a Vedic source and a Mitanni image on the other hand. The meaning of the composition with a skier pulled by the horse correlates with the Ashvamedha.

ГАИБОВ В.А., КОШЕЛЕНКО Г.А. — 2014 г.

The article considers four buildings (Mansur-depe, Ak-depe, Mele-Heiran, Gebekly) studied on the territory of the South Turkmenistan which the authors identify as Zoroastrian Temples of Fire dated by the Parthian and Sasanian period.

ЯБЛОНСКИЙ Л.Т. — 2014 г.

The article is devoted to the review of the military equipment items from elite burials of Filippovka 1 and 2. These items are divided into two categories: offensive and defensive armament. The categories are divided into classes and classes into types respectively. The elements of the warriors' costumes decoration are also considered in the article. All this allows reconstructing the image of an early Sarmatian warrior which reminds of that one fixed in warriors' sculptures of the Scythian period from the North Black Sea region and the North Caucasus.

МЕДВЕДЕВ А.П. — 2014 г.

The article analyzes Hellenistic graves of the Eastern necropolis of Phanagoria. The author distinguishes three chronological groups of graves dating back to the late 4 th-3 rd cc. BC, late 3 rd-2 nd cc. BC, late 2 nd - late 1 st cc. BC. It is possible to trace considerable changes in the culture of the Phanagorians - to the degree reflected in the funeral rite and in the content of grave goods. The earliest graves in the Eastern necropolis are dated back to the late 4 th - early 3 rd cc. BC. Before that this territory was occupied with residential buildings of Phanagorian suburbs. The study of the Eastern necropolis allows us to introduce clarity to the issue concerning the end of the Hellenistic Age in the cultural history of Phanagoria. Considerable changes in mass culture and rites of the Phanagorians were not noticeable since the end of the 1 st c. BC. The necropolis preserves almost all the tradition's characteristic for Hellenism. A bunch of important innovations inaugurating a start of the Roman Era in the Phanagorian history might be resulted not earlier than in the epoch of Aspurgus, 2-3 generations after the death of Mithridates.

ЖУЩИХОВСКАЯ И.С. — 2013 г.

КОРОБОВ Д.С. — 2013 г.

ПОПОВ А.С. — 2013 г.

СИТДИКОВ А.Г., ТИШКИН А.А., ХУЗИН Ф.Ш. — 2013 г.